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. 2021 Mar 31;12:589940. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.589940

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Copyright © 2021 Makatsa, Tincho, Wendoh, Ismail, Nesamari, Pera, de Beer, David, Jugwanth, Gededzha, Mampeule, Sanne, Stevens, Scott, Blackburn, Mayne, Keeton and Burgers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Semi-quantitative detection of S1- and RBD-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA. Two-fold dilution series of sera for detection of S1-specific IgG (A), IgM (B), and IgA (C) and RBD-specific IgG (D), IgM (E), and IgA (F). COVID-19 convalescent volunteers (n = 20) are indicated in red, and pre-pandemic controls (n = 40) are indicated in black. (G–I) and (J–L); Data from the same experiment as in (A–C) and (D–F), respectively, but plotted as area under the curve (AUC). Horizontal lines represent median values. Dotted lines indicate the threshold for positivity. Statistical analyses were performed using a Mann-Whitney U test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.