. 2021 Mar 31;8:617721. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.617721

Table 5.

Associations between the change in cooking practice and the change in dietary behavior of Croatian respondents during the COVID-19 confinement.

	As usual or less		Cooking more		All		P-value^a	Crude ^b		Model 1 ^c		Model 2 ^d
	N = 1,979	%	N = 2,302	%	N = 4,281	%		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
Vegetable consumed							<0.001
Higher	239	12.0	667	29.0	906	21.2		2.24	[1.86;2.71]	2.17	[1.79;2.63]	2.18	[1.79;2.65]
Lower	145	7.3	240	10.4	385	9.0		1.37	[1.05;1.79]	1.41	[1.08;1.85]	1.35	[1.02;1.77]
As usual	1,595	79.9	1,395	60.6	2,990	69.8		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Fruit consumed							0.512
Higher	315	15.9	612	26.6	927	21.7		1.08	[0.90;1.29]	1.14	[0.95;1.37]	1.14	[0.95;1.37]
Lower	174	8.8	240	10.4	414	9.7		0.92	[0.71;1.18]	0.87	[0.67;1.12]	0.90	[0.69;1.17]
As usual	1,490	75.3	1,450	63.0	2,940	68.7		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Red meat consumed							0.131
Higher	121	6.1	272	11.8	393	9.2		1.22	[0.94;1.58]	1.27	[0.98;1.66]	1.27	[0.97;1.66]
Lower	358	18.1	578	25.1	936	21.9		1.16	[0.97;1.39]	1.18	[0.98;1.42]	1.14	[0.95;1.38]
As usual	1,500	75.8	1,452	63.1	2,952	69.0		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Carbonated and/or sugary beverages consumed							0.200
Higher	79	4.0	156	6.8	235	5.5		0.98	[0.71;1.35]	1.02	[0.74;1.40]	1.09	[0.78;1.51]
Lower	456	23.0	640	27.8	1.096	25.6		0.85	[0.72;1.02]	0.86	[0.72;1.02]	0.90	[0.75;1.07]
As usual	1,444	73.0	1,506	65.4	2.950	68.9		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Legumes consumed							0.025
Higher	130	6.6	336	14.6	466	10.9		1.38	[1.09;1.76]	1.37	[1.08;1.74]	1.32	[1.03;1.68]
Lower	99	5.0	162	7.0	261	6.1		0.98	[0.73;1.32]	0.98	[0.72;1.33]	1.02	[0.75;1.38]
As usual	1,750	88.4	1,804	78.4	3,554	83.0		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Fish-seafood consumed							0.035
Higher	168	8.5	367	15.9	535	12.5		1.33	[1.07;1.66]	1.34	[1.08;1.68]	1.26	[1.00;1.58]
Lower	260	13.1	392	17.0	652	15.2		1.09	[0.89;1.33]	1.07	[0.87;1.31]	1.00	[0.81;1.24]
As usual	1,551	78.4	1,543	67.0	3,094	72.3		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Commercial pastries consumed							0.077
Higher	322	16.3	600	26.1	922	21.5		0.93	[0.76;1.13]	0.91	[0.75;1.11]	0.88	[0.72;1.07]
Lower	313	15.8	507	22.0	820	19.2		1.23	[0.99;1.51]	1.23	[0.99;1.52]	1.19	[0.96;1.48]
As usual	1,344	67.9	1,195	51.9	2,539	59.3		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Homemade pastries consumed							<0.001
Higher	435	22.0	1,000	43.4	1,435	33.5		2.01	[1.70;2.36]	1.98	[1.68;2.34]	2.09	[1.76;2.48]
Lower	251	12.7	293	12.7	544	12.7		0.89	[0.70;1.13]	0.87	[0.68;1.11]	0.86	[0.67;1.10]
As usual	1,293	65.3	1,009	43.8	2,302	53.8		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Alcoholic beverage consumed							<0.001
Higher	119	6.0	312	13.6	431	10.1		1.93	[1.51;2.46]	1.75	[1.37;2.25]	1.58	[1.23;2.03]
Lower	508	25.7	679	29.5	1,187	27.7		0.86	[0.73;1.01]	0.90	[0.76;1.06]	0.89	[0.75;1.05]
As usual	1,352	68.3	1,311	57.0	2,663	62.2		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Fried foods consumed							<0.001
Higher	66	3.3	218	9.5	284	6.6		2.37	[1.73;3.26]	2.52	[1.82;3.48]	2.73	[1.96;3.80]
Lower	340	17.2	691	30.0	1,031	24.1		1.62	[1.36;1.93]	1.64	[1.38;1.96]	1.63	[1.36;1.95]
As usual	1,573	79.5	1,393	60.5	2,966	69.3		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Frequency of snacking							<0.001
Higher	437	22.1	1,015	44.1	1,452	33.9		1.97	[1.67;2.31]	2.00	[1.69;2.36]	1.95	[1.65;2.31]
Lower	235	11.9	258	11.2	493	11.5		0.95	[0.77;1.18]	0.96	[0.77;1.19]	0.92	[0.74;1.16]
As usual	1,307	66.0	1,029	44.7	2,336	54.6		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Frequency of fast-food consumed							<0.001
Higher	36	1.8	65	2.8	101	2.4		1.21	[0.75;1.96]	1.25	[0.77;2.04]	1.18	[0.72;1.93]
Lower	870	44.0	1,449	63.0	2,319	54.2		1.68	[1.44;1.94]	1.68	[1.44;1.95]	1.74	[1.49;2.03]
As usual	1,073	54.2	788	34.2	1,861	43.5		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Weight gain							0.885
Yes	322	16.3	549	23.9	871	20.4		1.05	[0.86;1.30]	1.07	[0.87;1.32]	1.07	[0.86;1.33]
No	1,238	62.6	1,225	53.2	2,463	57.5		1.02	[0.86;1.20]	1.02	[0.86;1.21]	1.00	[0.84;1.19]
I do not know	419	21.2	528	22.9	947	22.1		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.

Differences between the groups were evaluated by the Chi-squared test.

Crude model: unadjusted for any variable.

Model 1: multivariate adjusted model for gender (women, men, and other), age groups (<20, 20–35 years, 36–50 years, 51–65 years, and >65 years), and regions (Continental and Coastal).

Model 2: multivariate adjusted model for gender, age groups, regions, residence (alone, family home, shared flat, and student's residence), education level (university, postgraduate, professional, and primary), and physical activity (higher, lower, similar, never). Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for all models. In addition, statistically significant ORs are highlighted in bold.