Table 4.

Association Between Exposure Variables and the Average Point Score (APS) Assessed Using Linear Regression Coefficients, 95% Confidence Intervals, and P Values.^a

Variable		Category	Model 1 (month of birth & gender)				Model 2 (month of birth, gender, SES)
			N	Coef	95% CI	P	N	Coef	95% CI	P
Dentoalveolar (vs excellent/good)		Fair	159	−0.17	−1.34 to 0.99	.8	158	−0.16	−1.30 to 0.97	>.9
		Poor/Very poor		−0.18	−1.57 to 1.20			0.03	−1.31 to 1.37
Nasolabial appearance (vs excellent/good)		Fair	193	0.04	−0.99 to 1.07	.2	192	−0.04	−1.02 to 0.94	.2
		Poor/Very poor		−1.78	−3.48 to −0.08			−1.64	−3.31 to 0.03
Decayed missing filled teeth (Dmft) (vs 0)		1-3	203	−1.02	−2.09 to 0.05	.001	200	−0.70	−1.74 to 0.34	.02
		4+		−1.89	−3.08 to −0.71			−1.40	−2.59 to −0.20
Audiology (best ear) (vs normal hearing)		Any hearing loss	164	−1.01	−2.33 to 0.31	.1	162	−0.90	−2.16 to −0.35	.2
Intelligibility (vs normal)		Different but intelligible	184	−0.45	−1.54 to 0.64	<.001	182	−0.40	−1.45 to 0.65	.001
		Just intelligible or less		−2.97	−4.29 to −1.65			−2.44	−3.72 to −1.16
Psychological	Low self-confidence	Yes	185	−1.99	−3.80 to −1.72	.03	182	−1.60	−3.36 to 0.16	.08
	Child is bullied	Yes	189	0.09	−1.71 to 1.88	.9	186	0.05	−1.73 to 1.83	>.9
Minimum number of problems (vs 0-1)		2	205	−0.70	−1.70 to 0.29	<.001	202	−0.49	−1.45 to 0.47	.002
		3-6		−2.67	−3.96 to −1.38			−2.26	−3.55 to −0.97

Abbreviations: Coef., coefficient; SES, socioeconomic status.

^a Two statistical models were used, with model 1 adjusting for month of birth and gender and model 2 adjusting for month of birth, gender, and an area-based measure of socioeconomic status (SES).