Table 1.
Exosomal ncRNAs in HCC.
| ncRNAs | Functions | Targets/Substrates | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| lncRNAs | |||
| SENP3-EIF4A1 | suppresses the proliferation and migration of HCC cells via SENP3-EIF4A1/miR-9-5p/ZFP36 | miR-9-5p/ZFP36 | (36) |
| FAM72D-3 | promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of HCC cells | EPC1-4 | (37) |
| HULC | promotes secretion of exosomes from HCC cells, inducing cell invasion by targeting miR-372-3p/rab11a | miR-372-3p/rab11a | (38) |
| Linc-ROR | promotes the proliferation and prevents the apoptosis in condition of lacking nutrition | OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, P53 and CD133 | (39) |
| FAL1 | promotes cell growth and proliferation, cell migration and invasion in HCC cells. | miR-1236 | (40) |
| circRNAs | |||
| circTMEM45A | acts as the sponge of miR-665 to promote proliferation of HCC cells |
miR-665 | (41) |
| circZNF652 | promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis via miR-29a-3p/GUCD1 Axis | miR-29a-3p/GUCD1 | (42) |
| circCdr1as | promotes proliferative and migratory abilities via targeting miR-1270/AFP | miR-1270/AFP | (43) |
| circPTGR1 | increases the numbers of migrated cells, higher levels of apoptosis, and cell arrest at the S phase in the HCC cells | miR449a/MET | (44) |
| miRNAs | |||
| miR-155 | promotes the proliferation of HCC cells through miR-155/PTEN axis. | miR-155/PTEN | (45) |
| miR-296 | attenuates the lymphatic vessel formation ability of HDLEC cells by upregulating EAG1 and stimulating VEGF signaling. | EAG1/VEGF signaling | (46) |
| miR-145 | represses HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, partially through downregulation of GOLM1. | GOLM1 | (47) |
| let-7i-5p | inhibits TSP1/CD47-mediated Anti-tumorigenesis and Phagocytosis of HCC | TSP1/CD47 | (48) |
| miRNA-21 | converts HSCs to CAFs via down-regulating PTEN and activates PDK1/AKT signaling pathway to promote angiogenesis | PTEN, PDK1/AKT signaling pathway | (49) |
| miR-125 | suppresses HCC cell proliferation, stem cell properties and migration via CD90 | CD90 | (50) |
| miR-93 | promotes the stimulation in cell proliferation and invasion by targeting CDKN1A, TP53INP1 and TIMP2 | CDKN1A, TP53INP1 and TIMP2 | (51) |
| miR-25-5p | promotes tumor self-seeding in HCC to enhance cell motility by upregulating LRRC7 | LRRC7 | (52) |
| miR-103 | attenuates the endothelial junction integrity by directly inhibiting the expression of VE-Cadherin, p120-catenin and ZO-1 | VE-Cadherin, p120-catenin and ZO-1 | (53) |
| miR-1247-3p | suppresses B4GALT3 expression to promote β1-integrin–NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts activation. | β1-integrin–NF-κB signaling/B4GALT3 | (54) |