Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors influencing survival outcomes. N=381.

Features	UnivariateHR (95% CI)	P-value	MultivariateHR (95% CI)	P -value
Age(years)  <65  ≥65	Reference 2.072 (1.559-2.752)	0.000	Reference 1.796 (1.34-2.046)	0.000
Gender  Male  Female	Reference 0.855 (0.661-1.106)	0.234
Race  White  Black  Other	Reference 0.913 (0.588-1.142) 0.879 (0.434-1.784)	0.687 0.722
Primary site  Others  Upper lobe  Middle lobe  Lower lobe	Reference 0.275 (0.121-0.624) 0.390 (0.154-.978) 0.299 (0.129-0.-692)	0.002 0.047 0.005	Reference 0.409 (0.175-0.955) 0.627 (0.241-1.630) 0.399 (0.167-0.952)	0.039 0.338 0.038
Pathological differentiation  Well  Moderate  Poor  Undifferentiated  Unknown	Reference 0.992 (0.122-8.094) 0.983 (0.137-7.043) 1.06 (0.145-7.758) 1.101 (0.153-7.929)	0.994 0.986 0.954 0.924
Tumor size  ≤2  2< ≤3	Reference 1.219 (0.939-1.582)	0.137
Surgery  No surgery  Lobectomy  Sublobar resection  Extended resection	Reference 0.219 (0.146-0.329) 0.418 (0.274-0.638) 0.235 (0.107-0.514)	0.000 0.000 0.000	Reference 0.341 (0.187-0.632) 0.555 (0.335-0.918) 0.395 (0.161-0.971)	0.000 0.022 0.043
Lymph node dissection  None  1 to 3 regional lymph node removed  4 or more regional lymph node removed  Others	Reference 0.549 (0.386-0.799) 0.359 (0.263-0.489) 0.432 (0.238-0.783)	0.002 0.000 0.006	Reference 0.859 (0.539-1.369) 0.747 (0.464-1.203) 0.708 (0.638-1.360)	0.523 0.231 0.300
Radiotherapy  Yes  No	Reference 0.641 (0.379-1.084)	0.097	Reference 0.718 (0.419-1.231)	0.229
Chemotherapy  Yes  No	Reference 0.892 (0.632-1.29)	0.517

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.