Fig 1.

Associations of healthy lifestyle score with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) by socioeconomic status (SES). In the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES), models included US population and study design weights to account for the complex survey design. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, marital status (US NHANES only), self-reported race, acculturation, study center (UK Biobank only), body mass index, and prevalent comorbidities (including history of hypertension, diabetes, CVD, cancer, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Only those free from CVD at baseline were included in the analysis for incident CVD. Multiplicative interaction was evaluated using hazard ratios for the product term between the healthy lifestyle score (0 or 1 point v 3 or 4 points) and SES (low v high), and the multiplicative interaction was statistically significant when its confidence interval did not include 1. Additive interaction was evaluated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between the healthy lifestyle score (0 or 1 point v 3 or 4 points) and SES (low v high), and the additive interaction was statistically significant when its confidence interval did not include 0