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. 2021 Mar 19;9:620128. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.620128

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Live time-lapse imaging reveals dynamic sprout and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. (A) Representative time course images (individual z-slices) of an invading sprout over 5 days with a frame interval of 24 h. Sprouts were cultured in 250 nM sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and 50 ng ml–1 phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) within 3 mg ml–1 collagen hydrogel. (B) Representative time course images (individual z-slices) of an invading sprout over 8 h with a frame interval of 20 min (for full time-lapse series, see Supplementary Video 1). Sprouts were cultured in 250 nM S1P and 50 ng ml–1 PMA within 3 mg ml–1 collagen hydrogel, and imaging was initiated after 2 days in culture. (C) Kymographs taken along white dashed line indicated in panel (B).