Table 2.

Best results of approximation formulation from ten algorithms.

$\text{Algorithms}$	Best parameters
	Iph(A)	Io(μA)	n	Rs(Ω)	Rp(Ω)	Best RMSE × 10−4
$\text{GAMS}$[3]	0.760775	0.323020	1.481183	0.036377	53.718524	9.860218
MADE [36]	0.760775	0.323020	1.481183	0.036377	53.718538	9.860218
$\text{ITLBO}$[25]	0.760775	0.323020	1.481183	0.036377	53.718523	9.860218
$\text{TVACPSO}$[50]	0.760775	0.323020	1.481183	0.036377	53.718524	9.860218
IJAYA [19]	0.760875	0.322847	1.481168	0.036281	52.218878	9.860751
EVPS [6]	0.760772	0.325040	1.481811	0.036352	53.896023	9.860934
IMFO [35]	0.760774	0.323468	1.481322	0.036371	53.760868	9.860255
$\text{CAO}$[37]	0.760775	0.323018	1.479167	0.036377	53.718289	9.860218
SOS [39]	0.760778	0.322467	1.481013	0.036379	53.571905	9.860547
$\text{MLBSA}$[38]	0.760775	0.323020	1.479168	0.036377	53.718523	9.860218