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. 2021 Apr 14;28(33):44949–44972. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13639-6

Table 7.

Westerlund (2007) ECM panel cointegration tests

Statistica Value Z value P value
Gt − 2.229 − 0.175 0.430
Ga − 2.228 7.211 1.000
Pt − 16.351 − 4.403 0.000
Pa − 4.097 2.885 0.998

aGt and Ga represent group mean statistics, whereas Pt and Pa denote panel statistics as indicated in Westerlund (2007)