Table 3.
Risk of bias of cross-sectional studies.
| Study | Overall risk | |
| Effectiveness | ||
|
|
Hagan et al [55] | High |
| Asymptomatic proportion | ||
|
|
Nishiura et al [58] | High |
|
|
Treibel et al [59] | High |
|
|
Brown et al [61] | Low |
|
|
Graham et al [62] | Low |
|
|
Abeysuriya et al [60] | Low |
|
|
Arons et al [63] | High |
|
|
Jameson et al [64] | High |
|
|
Callaghan et al [65] | High |
|
|
Louie et al [66] | Moderate |
|
|
Gudbjartsson et al [67] | High |
|
|
Reid et al [68] | High |
|
|
Lavezzo et al [69] | Low |
|
|
Kimball et al [70] | High |
|
|
Olalla et al [71] | High |
|
|
Guery et al [72] | High |
|
|
Roxby et al [73] | High |
|
|
Lytras et al [74] | High |
|
|
Hoehl et al [75] | High |
|
|
Cao et al [76] | Low |
|
|
Baggett et al [77] | High |
|
|
Imbert et al [78] | High |