Table 4.

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence profile: certainty of evidence for the primary objective.

Outcome		Studies, n	Quality of evidence factors					Direction of effect SOFa			Quality of evidenceb
			Limitation	Heterogeneity	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	TTc, n	MTTd, n	Directione
Effectiveness
	Model	11	Serious	Serious	Serious	Serious	Unlikely	3	8	↑	Very low
	Cross-sectional study	1	Not serious	Unlikely	Serious	Serious	Unlikely	0	1	↑	Very low
Cost-effectiveness
	Model	1	Serious	Unlikely	Serious	Serious	Unlikely	0	1	↑	Very low

^aSOF: summary of findings.

^bQuality of evidence graded as either “very low,” “low,” “moderate,” or “high.”

^cTT: test and trace.

^dMTT: mass testing and contact tracing.

^e↑MTT is better than TT; ↓TT is better than MTT; ↔ MTT and TT are equivocal.