Table 1.

Definition of key terminologies

Key terminologies	Definitions
Narrative review	A narrative review systematically identifies and summarises narrative evidence in the literature to address a predefined research question. It considered new research question and looks for new study areas not yet addressed(14)
Scaling-up	An initiative to increase the coverage of an effective intervention across a larger population setting
Efficacy	The ability of an intervention to produce the anticipated positive outcome to address a defined health problem
Effectiveness	When an intervention is shown to have proven efficacy in a real-world setting. Effectiveness indicates quality, outcomes, benefits, harms and appropriateness of an intervention and helps policy-makers decide if an intervention should be scaled-up
Fidelity	It means to implement an intervention as it was originally planned. In this paper, we further argue that the fidelity of an intervention improves at scaling-up after adapting with contextual factors of the setting during implementation
Concurrent evaluation	A flexible, mixed-method evaluation – implemented at the same time and alongside the implementation of the programme implementation. Concurrent evaluation particularly to assess continuously the progress of a particular program in a particular community, thereby determining how a program works and with whom it works; and, accordingly, to make necessary corrections(15)
Sustainability	Continuation of programme activities, outcomes and impact over a period of time or as long as needed to solve the health problem
Implementation science	Implementation science is a systematic study to identify an ‘effective’ intervention for scaling-up in a real-world setting, consider real-time evaluation and a feedback-loop mechanism to improve implementation and effectiveness for sustaining the intervention and its outcome over the long term. Other definitions of implementation science focused on the process and fidelity of implementation by emphasising the integration and evidence-based uptake and transfer of an intervention into routine healthcare systems(8– 10 , 16 – 21 ). The previous definitions did not consider a real-time evaluation for supporting a timely feedback loop and sustainability of implementation, whereas these are important components of implementation science
Conceptual framework	‘Conceptual framework’ is a visual or written product, which displays either a partial or a complete pathway from intervention innovation to practice in a real-world setting. It explained either graphically or in narrative form, the main things to be studied – the key factors, concepts or variables – and the presumed relationships among them(22). The conceptual framework sets the stage for the presentation of the particular research question that drives the investigation being reported based on the problem statement(23)