Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who underwent treatment
| Variable | PE (n = 100) | PA (n = 106) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64 (43–85) | 65 (45–82) | 0.227a |
| Time since diagnosis, month(s) | 7 (2–15) | 7 (1–17) | 0.361a |
| PSA levelc, ng/mL | 121 (2–2165) | 126 (4–2110) | 0.183a |
| Alkaline phosphatase levelc, U/L | 181 (72–1023) | 173 (66–983) | 0.219a |
| Albumin g/dl | 3.6 (2.2–3.9) | 3.7 (2.1–4.2) | 0.127a |
| Clinical stage at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.794b | ||
| T1c | 9 (9.0) | 7 (6.6) | |
| T2b | 12 (12.0) | 14 (13.2) | |
| T2c | 14 (14.0) | 20 (18.8) | |
| T3 | 20 (20.0) | 21 (19.8) | |
| M0 | 22 (22.0) | 20 (18.8) | |
| M1 | 23 (23.0) | 24 (22.6) | |
| Pathological stage at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.297b | ||
| T2 | 22 (22.0) | 20 (18.9) | |
| T3 | 28 (28.0) | 26 (24.5) | |
| N0 | 30 (30.0) | 33 (31.1) | |
| N1 | 20 (20.0) | 27 (25.5) | |
| Gleason sum at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.941b | ||
| ≤ 6 | 23 (23.0) | 24 (22.6) | |
| 7 | 35 (35.0) | 37 (34.9) | |
| ≥ 8 | 42 (42.0) | 45 (42.4) | |
| PD-L1 expression (CPS cut-off values), n (%) | 0.872b | ||
| 1–20 | 64 (64.0) | 67 (63.2) | |
| 20–50 | 22 (22.0) | 23 (21.7) | |
| 50–100 | 14 (14.0) | 16 (15.1) | |
| mCRPC-related brain metastasis, n (%) | 0.134b | ||
| Asymptomatic CNS metastasis | 35 (35.0) | 48 (45.3) | |
| Without CNS metastasis | 65 (65.0) | 58 (54.7) | |
| Duration of drug treatment (months) | 16 (1–34) | 17 (2–33) | 0.103a |
| ECOG status, n (%) | 0.608b | ||
| 0d | 38 (38.0) | 44 (41.5) | |
| 1e | 62 (62.0) | 62 (58.5) | |
| No. of metastatic sites, n (%) | 0.597b | ||
| 3 | 23 (23.0) | 31 (29.2) | |
| > 3 | 62 (62.0) | 57 (53.8) | |
| Unclear | 15 (15.0) | 18 (17.0) |
aIndependent samples t-test; b Mann-Whitney U test; c Calculated one week prior to the start of PE or PA; 0d, Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance without restriction; 1e, Restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature, i.e., light housework, office work
PE pembrolizumab plus enzalutamide, PA pembrolizumab alone, PSA prostate-specific antigen, CNS central nervous system, PD-L1 programmed cell death ligand-1, CPS combined positive score, mCRPC metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, ECOG Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group