Table 1.
Patient characteristics for pT1/T2, N0
| Variable | 279 patients (% or [Q1 − Q3] †) | |
|---|---|---|
| No recurrence (n=260, %) | Recurrence (n=19, %) | |
| Age | 63.8± 12.4 | 58.4 ± 11.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1± 3.2 | 24.8 ± 3.4 |
| Male gender | 141 (54.2) | 12 (63.2) |
| Family cancer history | 79 (30.4) | 8 (42.1) |
| Preoperative CEA (ng/mL) | 1.8 [1.1–2.7] † | 2.3 [1.5–6.7] † |
| Preoperative CEA ≥ 5* | 30 (11.5) | 7 (36.8) |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 ± 2.0 | 13.8 ± 1.8 |
| Preoperative albumin (g/dL) | 4.23 ± 0.40 | 4.32 ± 0.37 |
| Distance from anal verge (cm)* | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 4.9 ± 1.9 |
| Distance from anal verge ≤ 5 | 108 (41.5) | 12 (63.2) |
| Operation type | ||
| Low anterior resection | 241 (92.7) | 17 (89.5) |
| Abdomino-perineal resection | 17 (6.5) | 2 (10.5) |
| Hartmann’s procedure | 2 (0.8) | 0 |
| Neo-adjuvant radiotherapy ‡ | 41 (15.8) | 6 (31.6) |
| Adjuvant therapy | 4 (1.5) | 0 |
| Chemotherapy | 3 (1.2) | 0 |
| CRT | 1 (0.4) | 0 |
| PeriOP colostomy/ileostomy | 149 (57.3) | 15 (78.9) |
| PostOP complication/morbidity | 68 (26.2) | 3 (15.8) |
| Early | 43 (16.5) | 3 (15.8) |
| Late | 37 (14.2) | 1 (5.3) |
| Resection margin (cm) | 1.5 [0.8–2.2] † | 0.8 [0.5–1.7] † |
| Resection margin < 0.9 * | 78 (30.0) | 10 (52.6) |
| Resection margin < 1.4 * | 118 (45.4) | 14 (73.7) |
| Tumor diameter (cm) | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.1 |
| Tumor diameter ≥ 2.7 | 137 (52.7) | 13 (72.2) |
| T stage | ||
| T1 | 98 (37.7) | 5 (26.3) |
| T2 | 162 (62.3) | 14 (73.7) |
| Lymph node yield | 20 [14–28] † | 16 [11–33] † |
| Lymph node yield ≥ 14* | 207 (79.6) | 11 (57.9) |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 12 (4.6) | 1 (5.3) |
| Perineural invasion | 13 (5.0) | 0 |
| Differentiation | ||
| Poor | 4 (1.5) | 1 (5.3) |
| Moderate | 195 (75.0) | 15 (78.9) |
| Well | 61 (23.5) | 3 (15.8) |
| Follow-up (month) | 73.5 [48–108] † | |
| Total follow-up length | 79.6 [51–109] † | 64.9 [54–102] † |
| Time to local recurrence | 25.6 [13.7–38.8] † | |
| Time to distant metastasis | 31.4 [12.9–59.2] † | |
BMI body mass index, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, CRT chemoradiotherapy
*p value < 0.05
†Median [25 percentile–75 percentile]
‡Short-course radiotherapy 500cGy*5days