Table 2.
Risk factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis in Cox regression model
| Variable | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard ratio (95% CI for Exp(B)) | p value | Hazard ratio (95% CI for Exp(B)) | p value | |
| Local recurrence † | ||||
| Distal resection margin < 0.9 (cm) | 7.7 (1.60–37.17) | 0.011* | 4.9 (1.00–24.42) | 0.050 |
| Distance from anal verge ≤ 5 (cm) | 11.0 (1.37–87.89) | 0.024* | 7.1 (0.86–59.19) | 0.068 |
| Family cancer history | 2.9 (0.78–10.88) | 0.111 | ||
| Preoperative radiotherapy | 2.0 (0.24–15.93) | 0.533 | ||
| T stage | 1.1 (0.28–4.50) | 0.878 | ||
| Distant metastasis‡ | ||||
| CEA ≥ 5 (ng/mL) | 6.1 (2.06–18.26) | 0.001* | 9.3 (2.79–30.76) | 0.0003* |
| Lymph node yield < 14 | 3.5 (1.22–9.93) | 0.020* | 5.0 (1.57–15.63) | 0.006* |
| Distal resection margin < 1.4 (cm) | 4.4 (1.23–15.91) | 0.023* | 4.0 (1.10–14.41) | 0.035* |
| Tumor diameter ≥ 2.7 (cm) | 3.2 (0.89–11.50) | 0.074 | ||
| Preoperative radiotherapy | 3.4 (1.16–9.86) | 0.025* | 3.8 (1.27–11.13) | 0.016* |
| T stage | 1.4 (0.44–4.47) | 0.575 | ||
CEA carcinoembryonic antigen
*p value < 0.05
†Adjusted parameters (local recurrence): distal resection margin, distance from anal verge, family cancer history, preoperative radiotherapy, and T stage
‡Adjusted parameters (distant metastasis): CEA, distal resection margin, lymph node yield, tumor diameter, pre-operative radiotherapy, and T stage