Table 2.
Costs per day of a terminal hospitalizations according to patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Category | n | Costs median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
| Palliative care involvement | ||
| No involvement | 95,450 | 1154 (888–1882) |
| Low involvement | 94,849 | 1032 (856–1486) |
| Medium-high involvement | 60,341 | 726 (661–875) |
| Age | ||
| 18–40 | 4401 | 1834 (1040–2974) |
| 41–55 | 16,778 | 1186 (818–2221) |
| 56–70 | 54,974 | 1050 (779–1803) |
| 71–85 | 104,250 | 981 (783–1419) |
| 85+ | 70,237 | 911 (768–1139) |
| Sex | ||
| F | 118,534 | 957 (771–1352) |
| M | 132,106 | 1001 (790–1520) |
| Rurality | ||
| Non-rural | 201,077 | 985 (781–1464) |
| Rural | 49,563 | 955 (774–1317) |
| Province | ||
| AB | 29,562 | 1250 (1022–1684) |
| BC | 41,283 | 947 (770–1303) |
| MB | 15,244 | 911 (748–1225) |
| NB | 10,992 | 797 (657–1015) |
| NL | 7199 | 957 (774–1268) |
| NS | 13,494 | 877 (718–1145) |
| ON | 118,410 | 949 (761–1481) |
| PE | 1856 | 919 (757–1161) |
| SK | 12,600 | 1103 (897–1504) |
| Number of comorbidities | ||
| 0 | 25,186 | 1073 (823–1784) |
| 1 | 84,879 | 894 (717–1228) |
| 2 | 64,604 | 975 (787–1408) |
| 3+ | 75,971 | 1054 (848–1582) |
| Heart failure | ||
| No | 198,130 | 961 (758–1433) |
| Yes | 52,510 | 1031 (863–1446) |
| COPD | ||
| No | 210,909 | 966 (769–1433) |
| Yes | 39,731 | 1024 (849–1444) |
| HIV | ||
| No | 250,222 | 977 (780–1434) |
| Yes | 418 | 1440 (1015–2344) |
| Liver failure | ||
| No | 234,544 | 966 (774–1393) |
| Yes | 16,096 | 1220 (907–2091) |
| Metastatic cancer | ||
| No | 197,906 | 1037 (824–1588) |
| Yes | 52,734 | 815 (694–1033) |
| Major neurocognitive disorders | ||
| No | 231,391 | 967 (775–1384) |
| Yes | 19,249 | 1207 (857–2247) |
| Kidney failure | ||
| No | 227,510 | 972 (773–1435) |
| Yes | 23,130 | 1031 (845–1440) |
| Van Walraven Index | ||
| Quartile −14-3 | 58,870 | 1047 (816–1636) |
| Quartile 4–8 | 65,252 | 991 (786–1496) |
| Quartile 9–15 | 60,678 | 1010 (819–1473) |
| Quartile 16+ | 65,840 | 897 (726–1197) |
| Hospital Length of Stay | ||
| 0–3 | 56,892 | 1062 (745–1643) |
| 4–7 | 64,081 | 985 (823–1371) |
| 8–20 | 66,797 | 972 (805–1389) |
| 30+ | 62,870 | 929 (747–1325) |
| ICU stay | ||
| No | 175,338 | 877 (727–1077) |
| Yes | 75,302 | 1808 (1146–2788) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||
| No | 198,618 | 895 (740–1103) |
| Yes | 52,022 | 2350 (1647–3151) |
| CPR | ||
| No | 236,984 | 956 (770–1343) |
| Yes | 13,656 | 2009 (1366–2926) |
| Defibrillation | ||
| No | 245,468 | 969 (776–1394) |
| Yes | 5172 | 2310 (1508–3352) |
| Dialysis | ||
| No | 238,780 | 960 (771–1359) |
| Yes | 11,860 | 2035 (1294–3042) |
| Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | ||
| No | 248,024 | 973 (778–1409) |
| Yes | 2616 | 3611 (2560–5087) |
| Feeding tube | ||
| No | 244,014 | 969 (775–1402) |
| Yes | 6626 | 1609 (1114–2577) |
| Blood transfusion | ||
| No | 250,439 | 978 (780–1435) |
| Yes | 201 | 1580 (1004–2949) |
| Bronchoscopy | ||
| No | 247,376 | 972 (777–1406) |
| Yes | 3264 | 2604 (1757–3206) |
| Any active interventiona | ||
| No | 185,743 | 881 (730–1074) |
| Yes | 64,897 | 2088 (1396–2981) |
| Major surgeryb | ||
| No | 203,572 | 902 (744–1134) |
| Yes | 47,068 | 2046 (1435–2999) |
Abbreviations: F Female, M Male, AB Alberta, BC British Columbia, MB Manitoba, NB New Brunswick, NL Newfoundland, NS Nova Scotia, ON Ontario, PE Prince Edward Island, SK Saskatchewan, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, ICU Intensive care unit, CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
aAny active intervention is defined as any of the following: mechanical ventilation, CPR, defibrillation, dialysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, feeding tube, blood transfusion, and bronchoscopy
bMajor surgery is defined according to anatomic site: abdominal, cardiac, retroperitoneal, thoracic and vascular [12]