Table 3.
Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of mortality: univariable and multivariable models for the entire cohort
| Variables | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 0.86 (0.56–1.33) | 0.506 | 1.13 (0.69–1.85) | 0.621 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| < 60 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 60 | 0.76 (0.50–1.16) | 0.201 | 0.62 (0.38–1.01) | 0.057 |
| Weigh (kg) | ||||
| < 55 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 55 | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | 0.982 | 0.74 (0.46–1.18) | 0.210 |
| Nationality | ||||
| The Han | 1 | 1 | ||
| Minority nationality | 1.26 (0.58–2.73) | 0.560 | 0.97 (0.41–2.32) | 0.950 |
| Tumor location | ||||
| Rectum | 1 | 1 | 0.103 | |
| Colon | 0.61 (0.34–1.10) | 0.100 | 0.59 (0.31–1.11) | |
| TNM stage | ||||
| I | 1 | 1 | ||
| II | 3.87 (0.51–29.46) | 0.191 | 3.39 (0.43–26.76) | 0.246 |
| III | 6.41 (0.89–46.48) | 0.066 | 4.54 (0.60–34.55) | 0.144 |
| IV | 42.55 (5.67–319.14) | < 0.001 | 30.63 (3.85–243.65) | 0.001 |
| Tumor classification | ||||
| The elevated | 1 | 1 | ||
| The ulcerative | 1.32 (0.81–2.15) | 0.273 | 1.46 (0.85–2.52) | 0.172 |
| The infiltrative | 1.82 (1.00–3.32) | 0.052 | 0.40 (0.06–2.91) | 0.368 |
| Histological type | ||||
| Adenocarcinoma (NOS) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Special types of cancer | 1.69 (1.01–2.81) | 0.042 | 4.28 (0.55–33.31) | 0.165 |
| Degree of differentiation | ||||
| High | 1 | 1 | ||
| Medium | 1.03 (0.62–1.71) | 0.923 | 1.17 (0.66–2.08) | 0.592 |
| Low | 1.58 (0.81–3.06) | 0.180 | 0.94 (0.40–2.20) | 0.886 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.95 (1.10–3.46) | 0.020 | 2.07 (1.09–3.92) | 0.027 |
| ASA | ||||
| II | 1 | 1 | ||
| III | 1.15 (0.67–1.98) | 0.614 | 0.86 (0.47–1.59) | 0.632 |
| Inhalation anesthetics | ||||
| Sevoflurane | 1 | 1 | ||
| Isoflurane | 1.68 (1.07–2.65) | 0.022 | 1.96 (1.19–3.21) | 0.008 |
| Anesthesia time (h) | ||||
| < 4.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 4.5 | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 0.976 | 1.02 (0.47–2.22) | 0.964 |
| Duration of surgery (h) | ||||
| < 3.5 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 3.5 | 0.97 (0.64–1.49) | 0.902 | 0.85 (0.38–1.88) | 0.686 |
| Postoperative analgesia | ||||
| No | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 0.52 (0.19–1.41) | 0.196 | 0.44 (0.14–1.34) | 0.149 |
| Postoperative hospitalization days | ||||
| < 13 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 13 | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 0.293 | 1.20 (0.73–1.97) | 0.471 |
| IPS score | ||||
| < 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 1 | 1.26 (0.79–2.00) | 0.326 | 1.19 (0.72–1.98) | 0.496 |
| KM grade | ||||
| High–grade inflammation | 1 | 1 | ||
| Low–grade inflammation | 2.05 (1.34–3.15) | 0.001 | 2.03 (1.20–3.43) | 0.008 |
Bold values indicate statistically significant (P < 0.05)
HR hazard ratios, CI confidence interval, TNM tumor–node–metastasis, Adenocarcinoma (NOS) adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, IPS score inflammation-based prognostic scores, KM grade Klintrup–Makinen (KM) inflammatory cell infiltration grade