Table 3.
Unconditional logistic regression analysis of child, parental, domestic and environmental characteristics associated with S. aureus colonisation in Cape Town participants
| Explanatory variable | Colonised a, n (%) | Not colonised, n (%) | OR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD: case | 30 (41) | 13 (18) | 4.2 [1.57–11.2] | 0.004 |
| Sex: male | 19 (26) | 19 (25) | 0.74 [0.33–1.67] | 0.469 |
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Breastfeeding | 6 (8) | 3 (4) | 1.71 [0.39–7.45] | 0.472 |
| Atopic dermatitis | ||||
| Allergic rhinitis | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Asthma § | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Food allergy | 6 (8) | 3 (4) | 1.71 [0.39–7.45] | 0.472 |
| Mode of delivery: vaginal | 22 (31) | 17 (24) | 0.95 [0.37–2.43] | 0.921 |
| Incomplete immunisation status | 8 (11) | 2 (3) | 3.76 [0.74–19.09] | 0.11 |
| Antibiotic exposure | 31 (42) | 23 (31) | 1.35 [0.48–3.77] | 0.57 |
| Large family size b | 9 (12) | 8 (11) | 0.88 [0.3–2.61] | 0.816 |
| Animal exposure c | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.86 [0.05–14.3] | 0.915 |
| Fossil fuel exposure | ||||
| Electricity + gas | 36 (54) | 30 (45) | Omitted d | |
| Kerosene + paraffin | 20 (30) | 23 (34) | 0.43 [0.15–1.23] | 0.116 |
| Indoor fire | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Outdoor fire | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Wood + coal | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Maternal factors | ||||
| Allergic rhinitis | 0 (0) | 5 (7) | Omitted d | |
| Asthma | 3 (4) | 3 (4) | 0.76 [0.14–4.06] | 0.751 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 1 (1) | 2 (3) | 0.38 [0.03–4.33] | 0.432 |
| Food allergy | 1/73 | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Smoking | 3 (4) | 1 (1) | 2.65 [0.26–26.82] | 0.41 |
| Pregnant smoker | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 1.76 [0.15–20.45] | 0.65 |
| Animal exposure c | 3 (5) | 1 (2) | 2.64 [0.26–26.76] | 0.412 |
| Paternal factors | ||||
| Allergic rhinitis § | 5 (7) | 2 (3) | 2.08 [0.38–11.52] | 0.4 |
| Asthma § | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Atopic dermatitis § | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Food allergy § | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | Omitted d | |
| Smoking | 13 (20) | 7 (11) | 1.86 [0.62–5.54] | 0.267 |
AD atopic dermatitis, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval; § No within group variance; a Colonisation with Staphylococcus aureus. b Large family size is arbitrarily defined by more than 6 members within a household; c Animal exposure refers to exposure to farm animals; d Independent variables omitted due to dependency in the regression model