Table 1.

Examples of miRNAs modulated by metformin in cancers and their putative mRNA targets

Cancer	miRNAs	Drug’s effect on miRNAs	Putative mRNA(s) targets	References
Breast cancer	miR-27b miR-26a miR-21-5p miR-21 miR-155 miR-708 miR-200c	Up Up Down Up Down Down Up	ENPP1 PTEN, MCL-1, EZH2, E2F3 & MTDH Sestrin-1 & CAB39L Foxo-1 Foxo-3 CD47 AKT2 and Bcl-2	[14] [23] [28] [29] [29] [35] [37]
Cervical cancer	miR-142-3p	Up	HMGA2	[40]
Cholangiocarcinoma	miR-302	Up	Rb, cyclin D1& Cdk4	[48]
Colorectal cancer	miR-21 miR-200 family miR-34a	Down Up Up	Spry2 ZEB SNAIL1	[54] [61] [61]
Endometrial Hyperplasia	let-7 miR-144	Up Up	c-Myc, HMGA2 & Imp3 EZH2	[47] [85]
Gallbladder cancer	miR-675-5p	Up	–	[89]
Gastric cancer	miR-15a miR-128 miR-192 miR-194	Up Up Up Up	Bmi-1 Bmi-1 Bmi-1 Bmi-1	[96] [96] [96] [96]
Hypo pharyngeal Carcinoma	miR-21-5p	Down	PDCD4	[101]
Non-small-cell lung Cancer	miR-7 miR-381 miR-107	Up Up Down	Bcl-2 YAP Eomes	[107] [112] [115]
Osteosarcoma	miR-570-3p	Up	LCMR1 and ATG12	[119]
Ovarian cancer	let-7 miR-3127-5p	Up Up	c-Myc, HMGA2 & Imp3 LC3	[47] [123]
Pancreatic cancer	miR-150 miR-210-5p miR-221 miR-200a-3p	Up Up Down Down	MUC4 PFKFB2 P27 –	[73] [136] [141] [149]
Prostate cancer	miR-708	Up	NNAT	[150]
Renal cell carcinoma	miR-21 miR-34a	Down Up	PTEN cyclin D1	[155] [159]
Skin cancer	miR-21 miR-192-5p miR-584-3p	Down Up Up	PTEN EFEMP1 SCAMP3	[166] [175] [175]