Table 2.

Adjusted association of salivary flow rate with cognitive impairment (n = 649)

Variables	OR (95% Confidence Interval)	p-value
Salivary flow rate		0.02
Normal (≥ 0.3 mL/min)	1
Low (< 0.3 mL/min)	1.45 (1.05–2.11)
Denture status		0.5
Dentate	1
Denture	1.13 (0.80–1.61)
Age (year)	1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.4
Sex		0.4
Male	1
Female	0.80 (0.50–1.31)
Education level		< 0.001
Junior school or less	1
High school or higher	0.43 (0.27–0.67)
Smokinga		0.1
No	1
Yes	0.67 (0.40–1.10)
Drinkingb		0.06
No	1
Yes	0.71 (0.49–1.01)
Diabetesc		0.02
No	1
Yes	1.53 (1.07–2.20)
Hypertensiond		0.04
No	1
Yes	0.69 (0.50–0.97)
Obesitye		0.02
No	1
Yes	0.66 (0.46–0.93)

p-values were obtained by logistic regression adjusted for denture status, age, sex, education level, smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity

^aSmoking: “No” refers to never smoked and “Yes” refers to past and current smoker

^bAlcohol intake: No refers to never drunken, and “Yes” refers to past and current drinker

^cDiabetes was determined as “Yes” if fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL or HbA₁C ≥ 6.5% or history of diabetes

^dHypertension was determined as “Yes” if systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or taking hypertension medication

^eObesity: Body mass index (kg/m²) ≥ 25