Table 1.

Physical characteristics of the study participants (n = 32)

Variable	EG (n = 16)		PAM (n = 16)		Effect size (η2)
	Mean ± SD	(95% CI)	Mean ± SD	(95% CI)
Body height (cm)	171.31 ± 3.92*	(169.21–173.40)	178.47 ± 5.08	(175.85–181.08)	0.39
Body mass (kg)	69.30 ± 6.79	(65.68–72.92)	72.99 ± 10.07	(67.81–78.17)	0.04
BMI (kg ∙ m−2)	23.56 ± 1.54	(22.74–24.39)	22.29 ± 3.11	(21.32–24.52)	0.01
Per cent body fat (%)	6.78 ± 3.10*	(5.12–8.44)	11.16 ± 4.83	(8.69-–3.62)	0.21

Note: BMI Body mass index, EG Elite gymnast, PAM Physically active man

*Significant difference between gymnasts and controls at p <  0.01