Table 1.

Characteristics of the studied groups including age, BMI, oral hygiene, and gingival health

	Group	No. of subjects	Mean	Median	Min	Max	SD	Reference value	No. of subjects with abnormal values
Age	PCOS	31	16.5	17.0	15.0	19.0	1.2	N.A	N.A
	Control	28	16.1	16.0	15.0	19.0	1.2
BMI	PCOS	31	22.41	22.4	16.0	27.7	3.4	< 1SD of the reference median [22]	10↑
	Control	28	20.6	20.0	16.2	26.9	3.1		5↑
PI	PCOS	31	0.72	0.75	0.08	1.66	0.45	< 0.7 (good hygiene) [23, 24]	↑17
	Control	28	0.62	0.61	0.04	1.46	0.46		↑14
GI	PCOS	31	0.39	0.29	0.04	1.29	0.35	≤ 1 mild gingivitis [23, 24]	↑2
	Control	28	0.35	0.25	0.00	1.08	0.32		↑1
BOP%	PCOS	31	12.4	9.2	1.6	45.3	11.6	< 10% gingival health [25]	↑13
	Control	28	13.0	8.5	1.2	33.1	10.6		↑14
PD	PCOS	31	0.83	0.83	0.50	1.00	0.14	≤ 3 [25]	↑0
	Control	28	0.78	0.83	0.50	1.00	0.17		↑0

BMI, body mass index; PI, plaque index; GI, gingival index; BOP%, bleeding on probing score; PD, probing depth; TT, total testosterone, N.A., not applicable

↑ above, ↓below the reference values

¹p = 0.0375 as compared to healthy controls, Mann–Whitney U test