Table 2.

Alterations in energy expenditure during pregnancy

	Non-pregnant	Late pregnancy
	V	P17-19
VO2 (ml/h)
Light (12 h)	76.163 ± 0.525	104.413 ± 2.522**
Dark (12 h)	82.856 ± 0.422	108.279 ± 1.073**
Whole day (24 h)	79.714 ± 0.234	106.464 ± 1.028**
VCO2 (ml/h)
Light (12 h)	69.098 ± 0.540	88.522 ± 1.547**
Dark (12 h)	78.779 ± 0.818	100.346 ± 1.135**
Whole day (24 h)	74.235 ± 0.583	94.796 ± 1.043**
Heat production (kcal/h)
Light (12 h)	0.376 ± 0.003	0.509 ± 0.012**
Dark (12 h)	0.414 ± 0.002	0.538 ± 0.005**
Whole day (24 h)	0.396 ± 0.002	0.524 ± 0.005**
RER
Light (12 h)	0.906 ± 0.003	0.849 ± 0.007**
Dark (12 h)	0.948 ± 0.010	0.924 ± 0.009
Whole day (24 h)	0.928 ± 0.005	0.889 ± 0.002**

Results are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 6–8) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, comparison of late pregnancy groups (P17-19) versus non-pregnant group (V). P value determined by unpaired t-test