Table 2.
General characteristics of participants across the tertiles of three major dietary patterns
| Healthy pattern | Mixed pattern | Western pattern | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | T1 | T2 | T3 | P | T1 | T2 | T3 | p | T1 | T2 | T3 | p |
| n | 89 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 89 | 89 | 90 | 89 | |||
| Height (cm) | 166 ± 10.0 | 168 ± 9.04 | 169 ± 10.6 | 0.04 | 169 ± 11.0 | 167 ± 9.43 | 167 ± 9.35 | 0.13 | 165 ± 10.3 | 168 ± 9.70 | 171 ± 9.04 | < 0.001 |
| Age (year) | 33.4 ± 12.1 | 35.4 ± 12.7 | 40.9 ± 13.1 | < 0.001 | 32.7 ± 11.6 | 36.6 ± 12.5 | 40.3 ± 14.0 | < 0.001 | 41.7 ± 14.4 | 34.0 ± 11.6 | 34.1 ± 11.7 | < 0.001 |
| FFM (kg) | 47.6 ± 12.4 | 50.1 ± 11.6 | 52.7 ± 13.4 | < 0.01 | 51.3 ± 15.0 | 49.3 ± 11.4 | 49.8 ± 11.2 | 0.44 | 48.5 ± 12.3 | 49.3 ± 12.2 | 52.6 ± 13.1 | 0.03 |
| FM (kg) | 21.6 ± 8.12 | 22.3 ± 9.57 | 23.3 ± 10.4 | 0.22 | 20.8 ± 8.17 | 22.4 ± 10.2 | 24.1 ± 9.56 | 0.02 | 22.9 ± 8.97 | 22.4 ± 10.5 | 21.9 ± 8.70 | 0.50 |
| Weight (kg) | 69.2 ± 15.8 | 72.5 ± 16.4 | 76.4 ± 15.3 | < 0.01 | 72.6 ± 16.5 | 71.6 ± 16.0 | 73.9 ± 15.8 | 0.57 | 71.4 ± 14.0 | 71.7 ± 17.8 | 75.1 ± 16.1 | 0.12 |
| WC (cm) | ||||||||||||
| Men | 93.3 ± 11.4 | 93.8 ± 15.3 | 94.4 ± 10.4 | 0.93 | 93.6 ± 12.3 | 93.3 ± 12.7 | 94.7 ± 12.5 | 0.88 | 93.1 ± 10.8 | 94.7 ± 13.6 | 93.8 ± 12.6 | 0.87 |
| Women | 84.2 ± 11.4 | 85.9 ± 9.55 | 89.4 ± 13.8 | 0.08 | 83.1 ± 9.73 | 86.3 ± 11.8 | 89.2 ± 12.7 | 0.04 | 87.0 ± 10.5 | 84.8 ± 13.4 | 87.1 ± 11.0 | 0.53 |
| WHR | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | < 0.01 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.05 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.38 | 25.4 ± 4.68 | 26.5 ± 4.85 | 0.01 | 25.0 ± 4.12 | 25.5 ± 4.98 | 26.2 ± 4.87 | 0.08 | 26.0 ± 25.2 | 25.2 ± 5.35 | 25.5 ± 4.29 | 0.38 |
| Sex, male, n(%) | 30 (11.2) | 40 (14.9) | 47 (17.5) | 0.03 | 42 (15.7) | 33 (12.3) | 42 (15.7) | 0.26 | 42 (10.4) | 33 (13.1) | 42 (20.1) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status,n(%) | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.14 | |||||||||
| Single | 51 (19.0) | 39 (14.6) | 36 (13.4) | 46 (17.2) | 38 (14.2) | 32 (11.9) | 32 (11.9) | 42 (15.7) | 42 (15.7) | |||
| Married | 38 (14.2) | 51 (19.0) | 53 (19.8) | 43 (16.0) | 52 (19.4) | 57 (21.3) | 57 (21.3) | 48 (17.9) | 48 (17.9) | |||
| Smoking, n(%) | 0.31 | 0.13 | 0.24 | |||||||||
| Non-smoker | 81 (30.2) | 78 (29.1) | 73 (27.2) | 77 (28.7) | 81 (30.2) | 74 (27.6) | 77 (28.7) | 84 (31.3) | 71 (26.5) | |||
| Former and current smoker | 8 (3.2) | 12 (4.8) | 16 (6.4) | 12 (4.5) | 9 (3.4) | 15 (5.6) | 12 (4.5) | 6 (2.3) | 18 (6.7) | |||
| Physical activity,n(%) | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.92 | |||||||||
| Low | 40 (14.9) | 35 (13.1) | 27 (10.1) | 33 (12.3) | 40 (14.9) | 29 (10.8) | 31 (11.6) | 35 (13.1) | 36 (13.4) | |||
| Medium | 36 (13.4) | 39 (14.6) | 36 (13.4) | 33 (12.3) | 38 (14.2) | 40 (14.9) | 40 (14.9) | 37 (13.8) | 34 (12.7) | |||
| high | 13 (4.9) | 16 (6.0) | 26 (9.7) | 23 (8.6) | 12 (4.5) | 20 (7.5) | 18 (6.7) | 18 (6.7) | 19 (7.1) | |||
| Diabetes, yes, n(%) | 3 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0.70 | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.1) | 5 (1.9) | 0.25 | 5 (1.9) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0.35 |
| CVD, yes, n(%) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.7) | 0.90 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) | 0.22 | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.1) | 0.60 |
| Menopause status, yes, n (%) | 11 (4.1) | 10 (3.7) | 15 (5.6) | 0.03 | 6 (2.2) | 12 (4.5) | 18 (6.7) | 0.02 | 21 (7.9) | 10 (3.7) | 5 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
P value less than 0.05 was considered significant
Values are based on average ± standard deviation or reported number (percentage)
One-way ANOVA for quantitative data and Chi-2 test for qualitative data have been used
BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, WC waist circumference, WHR waist to hip ratio, FFM fat free mass, FM fat mass;