Table 4.
Comparison of cases and controls with respect to occurrence of screening (defined as definitely or probably screening) prior to the index date.
| Controls N=169 | Cases N=169 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 years prior to the index date | ||||
| No screening | 70 (41.4%) | 112 (66.3%) | 1 | 1 |
| Either USS or AFP | 99 (58.6%) | 57 (33.7%) | 0.19 (0.10–0.38) | 0.21 (0.09–0.50) |
| AFP only | 34 (20.1%) | 21 (12.4%) | 0.33 (0.12–0.92) | 0.22 (0.05–1.00) |
| USS onlyb | 7 (4.1%) | 3 (1.8%) | -- | -- |
| Both USS and AFP | 58 (34.3%) | 33 (19.5%) | 0.12 (0.04–0.34) | 0.11 (0.03–0.40) |
| 0–3 years prior to index date | ||||
| No screening | 76 (45.0%) | 117 (69.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Either USS or AFP | 93 (55.0%) | 52 (30.8%) | 0.24 (0.13–0.44) | 0.24 (0.11–0.52) |
| AFP only | 32 (18.9%) | 21 (12.4%) | 0.40 (0.16–1.03) | 0.37 (0.10–1.38) |
| USS onlyb | 6 (3.6%) | 4 (2.4%) | -- | -- |
| Both USS and AFP | 55 (32.5%) | 27 (16.0%) | 0.17 (0.07–0.41) | 0.12 (0.04–0.38) |
| 0–2 years prior to index date | ||||
| No screening | 86 (50.9%) | 123 (72.8%) | 1 | 1 |
| Either USS or AFP | 83 (49.1%) | 46 (27.2%) | 0.26 (0.14–0.48) | 0.26 (0.13–0.55) |
| AFP only | 32 (18.9%) | 19 (11.2%) | 0.29 (0.11–0.80) | 0.31 (0.09–1.08) |
| USS onlyb | 8 (4.7%) | 4 (2.4%) | -- | -- |
| Both USS and AFP | 43 (25.4%) | 23 (13.6%) | 0.24 (0.11–0.55) | 0.15 (0.05–0.42) |
| 0–1 year prior to index date | ||||
| No screening | 103 (60.9%) | 129 (76.3%) | 1 | 1 |
| Either USS or AFP | 66 (39.1%) | 40 (23.7%) | 0.41 (0.24–0.71) | 0.42 (0.22–0.81) |
| AFP only | 33 (19.5%) | 18 (10.7%) | 0.45 (0.20–0.99) | 0.54 (0.21–1.35) |
| USS onlyb | 10 (5.9%) | 7 (4.1%) | -- | -- |
| Both USS and AFP | 23 (13.6%) | 15 (8.9%) | 0.31 (0.11–0.85) | 0.22 (0.06–0.73) |
a
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, diabetes, alcohol use disorder, HIV coinfection, HBV e Ag positive, HBV DNA maximum viral load, years from HBV diagnosis to index date, and receipt of CT or MRI in the window.
b
Unable to calculate odds ratio because too few patients received USS only.
Abbreviations: OR – odds ratio, CI – confidence interval, USS – ultrasound, AFP – alpha fetoprotein