Table 6.
Literature on aircraft boarding in presence of COVID-19.
| Study | Major finding |
|---|---|
| Barnett (2020) | The probability of infection by a nearby passenger is; with middle-seat empty becomes. |
| Cotfas et al. (2020) | Back-to-front by row takes the longest time, but has the least infections. WiLMA and reverse pyramid by half zone perform best. Aisle distance increase in 0.5m led to an increase of 25% boarding time. |
| Islam et al. (2020) | Back-to-front doubles infection exposure, compared to random boarding. Authors suggest to fall back to earlier boarding strategies or use better random processes. |
| Milne et al. (2020) | Adapted reverse pyramid methods have best health metrics.The risk of infection spread to previously-seated passengers decreases when the aisle social distance increases from 1 m to 2 m. |
| Milne et al. (2020b) | Fewer luggage, reduced health risks. Increase aisle social distance. Make use of jet bridges as much as possible and force the change of face masks every 4 h. |
| Milne et al. (2020a) | An adapted reverse-pyramid boarding method provides faster boarding times with social distancing, if luggage volumes are high. Increasing the social distance from 1 m to 2 m further reduces infection risks. |
| Salari et al. (2020) | Assign passengers to seats metrics: passenger distance and aisle distance, leading to better solutions than simply blocking all middle seats. |
| Schultz and Soolaki (2020) | Group-building will significantly contribute to faster boarding and less transmission risk (reduced by approx. 85%). Following grouped pattern, pre-pandemic boarding times could be reached. |
| Schultz et al. (2020) | Physical distance rules extend boarding times significantly (more than doubled). Reduced load factor can lead to pre-pandemic boarding times could be reached. |
| Schultz and Fuchte (2020) | With random boarding, possible transmissions are reduced by approx. 75% when increasing the physical distance of passengers. |
| Schwarzbach et al. (2020) | Radio propagation simulation is used to assess the distance measuring for safer boarding in a three-dimensional aircraft model. |