Figure 2.

Cumulative distribution functions for mortality among 1,756 men from the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study, United Kingdom, 1979–1998, obtained from a time-dependent Cox regression model, marginal structural model (MSM), and structural nested accelerated failure time model (SAFTM), each including current and lagged exposure when prebaseline exposure is adjusted for (the first row of Table 2), under 2 exposure scenarios (exposed to smoking at all time points versus unexposed to smoking at all time points). Predicted values from the time-dependent Cox regression model were obtained by setting all covariates to their mean values.