Table 2.

RPFs and potency-weighted exposure contributions for each chemical measured in the present study’s dust samples ($n=46$), using Tox21 data on ACCs and hit calls for the agonism/antagonism assays (Huang et al. 2016) or using the laboratory’s data on RPFs for the transport interference assay (Besselink 2020).

Chemical	Exposure levels in dust samples			Bioactivity classification (RPF) [Median percentage contribution to potency-weighted concentration sum of chemical class]
	Percentage of samples $>\text{MDL}$	Median [range (ng/g)]	Median percentage of class sum	$\text{PPAR}\mathrm{\gamma }$ antagonism (Huang et al. 2016)	Thyroid hormone receptor $\mathrm{\beta }$ antagonism (Huang et al. 2016)	Androgen receptor antagonism (Huang et al. 2016)	Estrogen receptor $\mathrm{\alpha }$ agonism (Huang et al. 2016)	Thyroid hormone transport interference (Besselink 2020)a
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
PFHxA	97.8	193 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{2,980}$)	66	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.044) [19]
PFOS	97.8	15.2 ($<\text{MDL}–296$)	5.4	Active (0.55) [51]	Active (0.52) [50]	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.85) [30]
PFOA	73.9	7.63 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{1,520}$)	4.5	Active (0.4) [25]	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.37) [11]
PFHxS	63.0	1.82 ($<\text{MDL}–23.7$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Active (1) [3.5]
FOSA	60.9	3.26 ($<\text{MDL}–236$)	1.5	Inactive	Active (0.59) [14]	Inactive	Active (0.39) [100]	Active (0.33) [3.6]
PFHpA	52.2	0.918 (0–1,760)	$<1$	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.35) [2.0]
PFPeA	32.6	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–455$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Active (0.013) [$<1$]
PFNA	30.4	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{1,480}$)	$<1$	Active (0.76) [2.3]	Active (0.47) [1.2]	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.13) [$<1$]
PFBS	30.4	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–16.1$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Active (0.028) [$<1$]
PFDS	10.9	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–12.5$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
PFBA	4.35	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–155$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Active (0.0003) [$<1$]
PFDA	4.35	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–35.0$)	$<1$	Inactive	Active (0.29) [$<1$]	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.033) [$<1$]
PFUnDA	0	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–<\text{MDL}$)	$<1$	Active (1) [4.2]	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.017) [$<1$]
PFDoDA	0	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–<\text{MDL}$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Active (0.0037) [$<1$]
N-MeFOSAA	0	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–<\text{MDL}$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
BDE-209	100	830 (34.8–13,000)	70	Unknown	Unknown	Inactive	Unknown	Unknown
BDE-99	100	124 (10.6–734)	11	Inactive	Active (0.63) [69]	Active (0.64) [52]	Inactive	Unknown
BDE-47	100	60.9 (6.55–1,470)	5.5	Inactive	Active (0.53) [31]	Active (1) [43]	Active (1) [100]	Unknown
BDE-100	100	26.9 (6.12–202)	2.4	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
BDE-183	89.1	24.2 ($<\text{MDL}–817$)	2	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
BDE-28	89.1	3.55 ($<\text{MDL}–104$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
BDE-153	84.8	18.9 ($<\text{MDL}–78.5$)	1.5	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.46) [5.2]	Inactive	Unknown
BDE-154	80.4	10.6 ($<\text{MDL}–53.5$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Organophosphate esters (OPEs)
TBOEP	100	15,300 (1,250–118,000)	65	Inactive	Active (1) [92]	Inactive	Inactive	Unknown
TCIPP	100	3,130 (675–139,000)	12	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Unknown
TDCIPP	100	970 (220–6,440)	3.5	Inactive	Active (0.54) [2.9]	Active (0.84) [57]	Inactive	Unknown
TPHP	100	817 (238–10,600)	3.0	Active (0.74) [67]	Active (0.4) [2]	Active (0.47) [21]	Active (1) [76]	Unknown
TCEP	100	214 (2.31–3,170)	$<1$	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Unknown
EHDPP	100	184 (4.65–2,480)	$<1$	Inactive	Active (0.54) [$>1$]	Active (0.42) [3.9]	Inactive	Unknown
IDDP	100	88.1 (0.699–612)	$<1$	Active (0.6) [5.4]	Active (0.64) [$<1$]	Active (0.5) [2.5]	Inactive	Unknown
TIBP	100	32.8 (5.28–804)	$<1$	Inactive	Active (0.45) [$<1$]	Inactive	Inactive	Unknown
TPP	100	11.1 (1.52–63.3)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
CDPP	97.8	192 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{11,500}$)	$<1$	Active (0.69) [15]	Inactive	Active (0.46) [6.3]	Active (0.72) [13]	Unknown
BPDP	97.8	88.4 ($<\text{MDL}–371$)	$<1$	Active (0.77) [5.6]	Active (0.52) [$<1$]	Active (0.52) [2.3]	Inactive	Unknown
TNBP	97.8	41.1 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{1,060}$)	$<1$	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.76) [2.6]	Unknown
V6	95.7	23.2 ($<\text{MDL}–216$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
BDP	93.5	26.3 ($<\text{MDL}–494$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
TEHP	91.3	40.4 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{1,680}$)	$<1$	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Active (0.68) [2.2]	Unknown
RDP	91.3	36.6 ($<\text{MDL}–\mathrm{3,270}$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
TMPP	91.3	28.8 ($<\text{MDL}–486$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
TEP	60.9	18.2 ($<\text{MDL}–416$)	$<1$	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Inactive	Unknown
TBPHP	19.6	$<\text{MDL}$ ($<\text{MDL}–10.7$)	$<1$	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown

Note: Chemical concentrations $<\text{MDL}$ in dust were substituted with the MDL divided by 2 for analyses and calculations of class sums. ACCs, activity concentrations at cutoff; BDE-28, polybrominated diphenyl ether–28; BDE-47, polybrominated diphenyl ether–47; BDE-99, polybrominated diphenyl ether–99; BDE-100, polybrominated diphenyl ether–100; BDE-153, polybrominated diphenyl ether–153; BDE-154, polybrominated diphenyl ether–154; BDE-183, polybrominated diphenyl ether–183; BDE-209, polybrominated diphenyl ether–209; BDP, bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate); BPDP, tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate; CDPP, cresyl diphenyl phosphate; EHDPP, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate; FOSA, perfluorooctane sulfonamide; IDDP, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate; MDL, method detection limit; N-MeFOSAA, $n$-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid; PFBA, perfluorobutanoate; PFBS, perfluorobutane sulfonate; PFDA, perfluorodecanoate; PFDoDA, perfluorododecanoate; PFDS, perfluorodecane sulfonate; PFHpA, perfluoroheptanoate; PFHxA, perfluorohexanoate; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; PFOA, perfluorooctanoate; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonate; PFPeA, perfluoropentanoate; PFUnDA, perfluoroundecanoate; $\text{PPAR}\mathrm{\gamma }$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor lowercase gamma 2; RPFs, relative potency factors; RDP, resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate); TBOEP, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate; TBPHP, tris($p$-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate; TCEP, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate; TCIPP, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; TDCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; TEHP, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; TEP, triethyl phosphate; TIBP, tri-iso-butyl phosphate; TMPP, tris(methylphenyl) phosphate; TNBP, tri-n-butyl phosphate; TPHP, triphenyl phosphate; TPP, tripropyl phosphate; unknown, the chemical did not have available screening data;V6, tetrakis(2-chloroethyl) dichloroisopentyl diphosphate.

^aAnalysis conducted by the same laboratory as assayed our dust samples (Besselink 2020).