Table 3.

GC–MS based metabolite profile of three different black pepper extracts

S. No.	Metabolites	NIST ID	Retention time (min)	Quantification ion	Relative metabolite content
					BP-M	BP-E	BP-Aq
1	D-Limonene	79639	4.82	136, 121, 93, 68	89.55	131.23	3.51
2	Glycine	229287	7.296	147, 132, 114, 73	21.56	67.08	0.00
3	3-Methylcyclohexanol	229453	7.441	186, 171, 143, 73	1.69	3.53	3.70
4	Propanoic acid	290898	7.919	146,131, 75, 73	7.27	1604.97	447.17
5	Propanedioic acid	229341	8.147	321, 292, 147, 73	5.85	10.88	0.00
6	Terpinen-4-ol	109117	8.253	154, 136,111, 71	17.54	11.72	0.00
7	L-Valine	26146	8.72	261, 218, 144, 73	7.24	2.58	52.64
8	Acetic acid	227635	9.365	132, 117, 75, 73	1.98	2.62	2.48
9	4-Aminobutanoic acid	228101	9.871	247, 232, 147, 73	64.25	59.32	61.78
10	Butanedioic acid	229614	10.072	350, 335, 147, 73	159.70	145.74	167.69
11	α-Terpineol	114833	10.188	154, 136, 121, 59	13.37	7.31	0.00
12	Glyceric acid	150744	10.377	322, 292, 189, 73	138.77	155.09	32.70
13	Copaene	9240	10.572	204, 161, 119, 105	324.06	243.74	2.76
14	2-Methylglutaric acid	242292	10.694	275, 247, 147, 73	38.53	39.97	0.00
15	Serine	228085	10.778	321, 306, 204, 73	17.65	15.71	21.18
16	Phloroglucinol	118676	11.312	342, 327, 147, 73	74.73	56.36	55.74
17	Caryophyllene	291486	11.668	204, 189, 133, 93	2665.39	1866.06	899.99
18	cis-Carveol	107006	11.829	224, 209, 181, 73	126.82	152.18	112.87
19	β-Famesene	141000	11.896	204, 189, 133,69	229.78	212.9	234.19
20	Eugenol	291519	12.146	236, 221, 179, 73	65.40	43.09	12.41
21	Malic acid	228569	12.43	350, 335, 237, 73	153.99	102.83	77.00
22	β-Bisabolene	9654	12.658	204, 189, 161, 69	931.72	857.51	0.29
23	Erythritol	292004	12.747	410, 395, 217, 73	560.21	462.10	378.12
24	Catechol	78898	12.93	254, 239, 166, 73	19.15	28.15	10.34
25	Piperonylic acid	134278	13.025	265, 223, 179, 73	136.97	108.21	45.79
26	Pentanedioic acid	290975	13.425	318, 303, 204, 73	28.03	30.31	26.34
27	Asparagine	229288	13.759	348, 333,231, 73	34.64	30.48	19.40
28	D-Glucuronic acid	79257	14.365	539,305,204, 73	42.04	49.62	45.97
29	Arabinitol	79245	15.26	512, 307, 217, 73	279.82	19.04	4.65
30	Protocatechuic acid	162416	15.455	370, 355, 193, 73	291.88	186.81	113.83
31	Myristic acid	290632	15.694	299, 285, 117, 73	117.86	98.64	85.48
32	Fructose	228156	16.667	525, 437, 217, 73	217.57	233.08	140.21
33	D-Galactose	76356	16.729	540, 435, 204, 73	61.12	54.40	26.48
34	Syringic acid	291989	16.962	342, 327, 141, 73	110.12	87.00	51.76
35	Coumaric acid	6103	17.885	308, 293, 147, 73	1474.78	1268.75	110.80
36	Ferulic acid	234120	18.041	338, 323, 249, 73	22.92	27.74	4.95
37	Palmitic acid	151973	18.18	328, 313, 117, 73	248.79	163.84	5.28
38	Myo-inositol	7496	18.72	612, 305, 147, 73	114.43	226.90	3.79
39	Stearic acid	290961	19.448	356, 341, 117, 73	50.58	41.69	11.94
40	Pipecolic acid	436786	20.36	273, 230, 156, 73	53.62	55.26	36.92
41	Arachidic acid	379431	20.477	384, 369, 117, 73	6.85	9.46	6.41
42	Lignoceric acid	231005	21.156	440, 425, 117, 73	16.68	119.93	28.89
43	Piperine	152960	23.169	285, 201, 115, 84	3482.95	3015.11	143.47
44	Citric acid	228892	31.417	408, 393, 201, 73	79.65	91.11	38.23

BP-M, black pepper methanol extract; BP-E, black pepper ethanol extract; BP-Aq, black pepper aqueous extract; NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology; metabolite content was expressed as μg phenyl phenol equivalent/g dry mass.