Table 4.
The average change of main metabolites (VIP value >1) in plasma (mean ± SD)
| No. | Metabolites | % Average changes, 10 mg/kg | % Average changes, 30 mg/kg | % Average changes, 60 mg/kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PC[14:1(9Z)/20:0] | 90.99 ± 19.98↓ | 202.95 ± 49.43↑ | 212.62 ± 37.10↑ |
| 2 | PC[16:1(9Z)/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)] | 35.96 ± 4.58↓ | 99.59 ± 18.20↓ | 37.74 ± 5.46↓ |
| 3 | PC[18:1(9Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)] | 61.59 ± 5.37↓ | 83.08 ± 17.73↓ | 52.15 ± 3.14↓ |
| 4 | l-carnitine | 36.80 ± 2.12↓ | 35.74 ± 5.29↓ | 32.39 ± 3.45↓ |
| 5 | PC[20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)] | 13.97 ± 0.97↓ | 77.24 ± 17.09↓ | 55.93 ± 14.82↓ |
| 6 | l-valine | 87.43 ± 4.84↓ | 38.66 ± 4.50↓ | 68.19 ± 1.65↓ |
| 7 | SM[d18:0/16:1(9Z)] | 73.49 ± 7.75↓ | 63.54 ± 8.75↓ | 74.44 ± 9.53↓ |
| 8 | PC[20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)/14:1(9Z)] | 16.91 ± 1.83↓ | 6.56 ± 2.38↓ | 10.28 ± 1.51↓ |
| 9 | PC[16:1(9Z)/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)] | 86.83 ± 10.03↓ | 65.18 ± 14.85↓ | 88.10 ± 6.09↓ |
| 10 | LysoPC(14:0) | 67.12 ± 11.71↓ | 76.56 ± 33.72↓ | 19.30 ± 5.82↓ |
| 11 | Docosahexaenoic acid | 46.57 ± 7.28↓ | 425.4 ± 66.56↑ | 106.23 ± 19.66↑ |
| 12 | Cholic acid | 4871.4 ± 509.27↑ | 709.8 ± 1503.56↑ | 4648.14 ± 1699.45↑ |
| 13 | Oleic acid | 106.73 ± 20.12↑ | 417.24 ± 111.27↑ | 146.15 ± 28.03↑ |
| 14 | PC[14:0/22:1(13Z)] | 15054.58 ± 14400.63↑ | 15370.75 ± 28426.62↑ | 12256.19 ± 13963.40↑ |
| 15 | PC[18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] | 17.14 ± 1.59↓ | 80.62 ± 12.89↓ | 30.81 ± 8.45↓ |
| 16 | Linoleic acid | 160.09 ± 26.4↑ | 295.48 ± 75.73↑ | 133.95 ± 39.47↑ |
| 17 | Palmitic acid | 89.95 ± 17.99↓ | 376.72 ± 102.83↑ | 159.53 ± 37.67↑ |
| 18 | LysoPC(20:0) | 98.97 ± 10.53↓ | 501.82 ± 130.07↑ | 94.28 ± 13.19↓ |
| 19 | 11Z-Octadecenylcarnitine | 301.44 ± 71.04↑ | 254.51 ± 83.4↑ | 449.70 ± 87.18↑ |
| 20 | l-proline | 84.07 ± 5.60↓ | 86.52 ± 6.16↓ | 54.71 ± 3.70↓ |
| 21 | Arachidonic acid | 183.05 ± 28.51↑ | 353.75 ± 93.24↑ | 111.35 ± 15.99↑ |
| 22 | Glycocholic acid | 194.70 ± 49.14↑ | 237.84 ± 22.78↑ | 628.22 ± 114.08↑ |
| 23 | Cis-4-hydroxyproline | 87.55 ± 19.47↓ | 59.95 ± 14.71↓ | 60.70 ± 17.31↓ |
| 24 | d-glucose | 44.45 ± 5.34↓ | 37.63 ± 6.68↓ | 29.80 ± 3.63↓ |
| 25 | LysoPC[20:1(11Z)] | 104.25 ± 13.25↑ | 373.97 ± 85.24↑ | 97.65 ± 13.54↓ |
| 26 | N-methyl-d-aspartate | 74.94 ± 8.76↓ | 64.52 ± 12.44↓ | 45.89 ± 9.86↓ |
| 27 | PC[o-18:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] | 102.30 ± 25.30↑ | 80.00 ± 17.60↓ | 243.31 ± 25.92↑ |
| 28 | l-tryptophan | 138.33 ± 11.79↑ | 127.79 ± 13.69↑ | 178.06 ± 28.69↑ |
| 29 | PC[o-16:1(9Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] | 147.04 ± 24.51↑ | 83.22 ± 7.35↓ | 262.51 ± 46.73↑ |
| 30 | 12-HETE | 81.38 ± 15.25↓ | 755.47 ± 212.94↑ | 333.37 ± 98.41↑ |
| 31 | 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid | 78.19 ± 14.85↓ | 793.00 ± 197.24↑ | 85.77 ± 12.73↓ |
| 32 | PC[20:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)] | 131.64 ± 27.96↑ | 118.53 ± 21.23↑ | 239.25 ± 25.89↑ |
| 33 | SM(d18:1/14:0) | 34.24 ± 5.82↓ | 60.67 ± 11.04↓ | 43.31 ± 6.75↓ |
| 34 | LysoPC(17:0) | 102.49 ± 14.44↑ | 220.28 ± 33.95↑ | 70.37 ± 15.89↓ |
| 35 | Creatine | 133.46 ± 6.96↑ | 46.03 ± 5.75↓ | 144.68 ± 6.00↑ |
| 36 | PC[14:0/18:1(9Z)] | 49.07 ± 9.93↓ | 62.25 ± 7.09↓ | 60.63 ± 10.23↓ |
| 37 | LysoPC[20:2(11Z,14Z)] | 92.16 ± 9.87↓ | 290.21 ± 86.27↑ | 27.23 ± 6.96↓ |
| 38 | LysoPC(P-18:0) | 95.28 ± 12.7↓ | 210.82 ± 42.67↑ | 113.39 ± 15.33↑ |
| 39 | PC[18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)] | 11.44 ± 2.81↑ | 25.30 ± 5.88↓ | 14.15 ± 2.73↓ |
| 40 | PC[o-20:1(11Z)/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)] | 116.70 ± 22.87↑ | 128.41 ± 29.63↑ | 366.95 ± 71.33↑ |
| 41 | l-arginine | 83.39 ± 5.84↓ | 72.93 ± 7.37↓ | 59.55 ± 5.39↓ |
| 42 | Propionylcarnitine | 32.36 ± 1.76↓ | 51.74 ± 7.70↓ | 30.75 ± 2.51↓ |
Arrow indicates significantly up-regulated or down-regulated metabolites in the DIOB different dose groups compared with the control.