Table 2.
Household survey results at 24-month study visit
| Characteristic | Mean (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| HDWs (N = 7) | Control (N = 7) | |
| Households surveyed per community | 12 (11–15) | 10 (10–11) |
| Fraction of households | ||
| Using the study water point in past week, % | 13% (0–32%) | 0% (0–0%) |
| Using a protected HDW in past week, % | 45% (12–77%) | 43% (17–71%) |
| Using an unprotected HDW in past week, % | 14% (0–50%) | 0% (0–0%) |
| Using an unprotected spring well in past week, % | 40% (9–73%) | 44% (12–77%) |
| Using an open water body in past week, % | 0% (0–0%) | 13% (0–30%) |
| Traveling < 30 minutes per day collecting water, past week, % | 74% (59–89%) | 45% (21–67%) |
| Reporting enough water for face washing yesterday, % | 100% (100–100%) | 100% (100–100%) |
| With latrine observed, % | 65% (53–79%) | 53% (36–70%) |
| With soap observed, % | 56% (20–90%) | 29% (8–50%) |
| Mean distance from house to potential water point (km) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) |
| Mean total time spent collecting water per day (minute) | 53 (38–66) | 60 (39–80) |
| Mean time spent traveling to collect water per day (minute) | 21 (14–27) | 30 (21–41) |
| Mean time spent queuing for water per day (minute) | 32 (17–47) | 30 (13–47) |
| Mean daily volume of water collected per household (L) | 67 (55–78) | 70 (62–81) |
| Mean daily volume of water collected per capita (L) | 14 (12–16) | 15 (13–18) |
| Mean daily volume of water used for face washing per capita (L) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) |
| Fraction of households in which a randomly selected | ||
| Child aged 0–5 years had their face washed yesterday, %* | 99% (96–100%) | 99% (95–100%) |
| Child aged 6–9 years washed their face yesterday, %† | 96% (89–100%) | 97% (90–100%) |
| Person ≥ 10 years washed their face yesterday, % | 99% (96–100%) | 100% (100–100%) |
| Child aged 0–5 years had their face washed with soap yesterday, %* | 46% (26–65%) | 54% (39–66%) |
| Child aged 6–9 years washed their face with soap yesterday, %† | 38% (19–56%) | 32% (13–51%) |
| Person ≥ 10 years washed their face with soap yesterday, % | 31% (14–49%) | 20% (11–30%) |
HDW = hand-dug well. Community-level means are shown, with bootstrapped 95% CIs (9,999 replications).
*
Of households with a 0- to 5 years-old child; 86 of 87 households from the HDW arm and 69 of 72 households from the control arm contributed data.
†
Of households with a 6- to 9 years-old child; 40 of 87 households from the HDW arm and 28 of 72 households from the control arm contributed data.