Table 3.
Demonstrated handwashing behavior and hand cleanliness of the beneficiaries (caregivers and children aged 3–5 years) before and after the mass media campaign in rural Bangladesh
| Before mass media campaign | After mass media campaign | Bivariate model* | Multivariable model† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % (n) | N | % (n) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
| Caregiver demonstrated handwashing behavior after defecation | ||||||
| Used only water | 8,611 | 18 (1,517) | 7,871 | 11 (894) | 0.62 (0.52, 0.73) | 0.65 (0.57, 0.74) |
| Used soap and water | 8,611 | 67 (5,807) | 7,871 | 79 (6,207) | 1.17 (1.13, 1.21) | 1.15 (1.12, 1.19) |
| Washed both hands | 8,611 | 72 (6,201) | 7,871 | 80 (6,332) | 1.12 (1.10, 1.15) | 1.11 (1.08, 1.15) |
| Caregiver dried hands | 8,611 | 85 (7,280) | 7,871 | 92 (7,268) | 1.09 (1.07, 1.11) | 1.09 (1.07, 1.11) |
| Hands dried with clean clothes or air | 7,280 | 5 (340) | 7,268 | 1.7 (125) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.49) | 0.36 (0.27, 0.48) |
| Children aged 3–5 years demonstrated handwashing behavior after defecation | ||||||
| Used only water | 1,580 | 35 (559) | 885 | 24 (209) | 0.67 (0.56, 0.79) | 0.66 (0.56, 0.78) |
| Used soap and water | 1,580 | 53 (845) | 885 | 69 (613) | 1.30 (1.19, 1.40) | 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) |
| Washed both hands | 1,580 | 79 (1,240) | 885 | 85 (756) | 1.09 (1.03, 1.14) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) |
| Children dried hands | 1,580 | 58 (926) | 885 | 77 (682) | 1.32 (1.23, 1.41) | 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) |
| Hands dried with clean clothed or air | 926 | 13 (122) | 682 | 8.2 (56) | 0.62 (0.42, 0.93) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.95) |
| Hand cleanliness | ||||||
| No visible dirt on caregiver nails, palms, and finger pads | 8,882 | 41 (3,616) | 8,361 | 47 (3,889) | 1.15 (1.09, 1.21) | 1.14 (1.07, 1.20) |
| No visible dirt on child nails, palms, and finger pads | 8,486 | 27 (2,264) | 7,883 | 30 (2,380) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.22) | 1.13 (1.05, 1.21) |
PR = prevalence ratio. Values in bold indicate prevalence ratios that are statistically significant at the P < 0.05 level.
*
We estimated the PR by using generalized linear model to adjust for clustering.
†
Multivariable model includes all covariates associated with the outcome variables in bivariate analyses at the P < 0.2 level.