. 2021 Jan 11;104(4):1383–1387. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0074

Table 1.

Socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical profiles of the cases and controls

S. no.	Factors		Cases (n = 9)	Control (n = 36)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
1.	Age (average = 42.5 ± 13.3 years)	≥ Average	4 (44.4)	18 (50)	0.8 (0.18–3.47)	0.765
1.	Age (average = 42.5 ± 13.3 years)	< Average	5 (55.5)	18 (50)	0.8 (0.18–3.47)	0.765
2.	Residence	Rural	6 (66.6)	19 (52.7)	1.7 (0.3–8.2)	0.456
2.	Residence	Urban	3 (33.3)	17 (47.2)	1.7 (0.3–8.2)	0.456
3.	Water source	Untreated	8 (88.8)	27 (75)	2.6 (0.2–24.3)	0.384
3.	Water source	Treated	1 (11.1)	9 (25)	2.6 (0.2–24.3)	0.384
4.	Anemia	Present	7 (77.7)	19 (52.7)	3.1 (0.5–17.1)	0.188
4.	Anemia	Absent	2 (22.2)	17 (47.2)	3.1 (0.5–17.1)	0.188
5.	Alcoholism	Present	7 (77.7)	25 (69.4)	1.5 (0.2–8.6)	0.623
5.	Alcoholism	Absent	2 (22.2)	11 (30.5)	1.5 (0.2–8.6)	0.623
6.	Common anaerobes^*	Bacteroides	0	3 (8.3)	0.5 (0.02–10.6)	0.659
		Peptostreptococcus	0	1 (2.7)	1.2 (0.04–33)	0.895
		Prevotella	5 (55.5)	4 (11.1)	10 (1.87–53.4)	0.007^†
		Peptococcus	0	6 (16.6)	0.24 (0.01–4.8)	0.355
		Fusobacterium	0	6 (16.6)	0.24 (0.01–4.8)	0.355
7.	MMP-9 concentration (average = 7,878.46 pg/mL)	≥ Average	6 (66.6)	9 (25)	6.0 (1.23–29.07)	0.026^†
7.	MMP-9 concentration (average = 7,878.46 pg/mL)	< Average	3 (33.3)	27 (75)	6.0 (1.23–29.07)	0.026^†
8.	Matrix metalloproteinase 3 concentration (average = 21,890 pg/mL)	≥ Average	2	9	0.8571 (0.15–4.8991)	0.8624
8.		< Average	7	27	0.8571 (0.15–4.8991)	0.8624
9.	Abscess size (average = 9.5 × 9.3)	≥ Average	6 (66.6)	10 (27.7)	5.2 (1.08–24.89)	0.039^†
9.	Abscess size (average = 9.5 × 9.3)	< Average	3 (33.3)	26 (72.2)	5.2 (1.08–24.89)	0.039^†

Bifidobacterium and Clostridium were also screened in cases and controls; however, they were not present in any of the screened samples.

^†

P value < 0.05 (significant).