Table 3.

Barriers and challenges in evaluating mothers’ attendance at group sessions and practicing behavioral recommendations from group sessions

Barriers and challenges
Theme 1: Mothers and pregnant women faced challenges in attending group sessions	• Mothers move to their parents’ house to deliver a child, which is sometimes far from their home
	• General concern of participant or her child becoming sick during the winter months
	• Male household members had the decision-making power to make the decision for the mothers to attend sessions
	• Sickness of mothers and child’s sickness
	• Mothers move to and from their parents’ house to visit
	• Conflicting time commitments necessary for household-related tasks or harvesting with no assistance
Theme 2: Mothers and pregnant women faced challenges during group sessions	• Disruption from children
	• Difficulty concentrating for long periods of time, especially during longer sessions
	• Unengaging material during the sessions
Theme 3: Mothers and pregnant women faced challenges in practicing recommended behaviors presented during the group sessions	• Male household members hold purchasing power for sanitation hardware, and diverse nutritious foods. Mothers and pregnant women are often unable to invest without consent of their husbands
	• Difficultly in washing hands after each of the recommended key times, as mothers are busy with household chores or caring for their child