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. 2021 Mar 31;11:651495. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.651495

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Copyright © 2021 Murakami, Kono, Nanushaj, Kaneko, Zangari, Muragaki, Weiser and Hotomi

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Acquisition model. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization assessed by nasal lavages 7 hours (A) and 24 hours (B) post-infection with ~1,000 CFU Sp. 6A. Median values are indicated by a bar and each symbol represents the CFU/ml of a single mouse. CSE group (black circle) (n = 6 in 7 hours p.i. and 10 in 24 hours 4 p.i.) and PBS group (open square) (n = 6 in 7 hours p.i. and 9 in 24 hours 4 p.i.). Dotted line indicates the limit of detection (666 CFU/ml). Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical analyses.