TABLE 2.
Mean (SD) change in Necessity, Concerns and Knowledge scores post-intervention (scores out of a maximum of 3, 1 = agree, 2 = uncertain, 3 = disagree).
| Mean score (baseline) | SD (baseline) | Mean score (post-intervention) | SD (post-intervention) | Mean change in scores | SD (change) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Necessity subscale (higher scores, higher perceived need for antibiotics) | ||||||
| I need antibiotics because I feel really ill | 1.76 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.61 | -0.46 | 0.73 |
| I need antibiotics now because I am not getting any better | 1.93 | 0.87 | 1.31 | 0.69 | -0.62 | 0.85 |
| My body can tell me when I need antibiotics | 1.80 | 0.80 | 1.33 | 0.64 | -0.47 | 0.77 |
| I need antibiotics because I’ve been ill for more than 3 days | 1.54 | 0.77 | 1.21 | 0.52 | -0.33 | 0.79 |
| Getting an antibiotic is proof that I am ill | 1.59 | 0.81 | 1.27 | 0.63 | -0.32 | 0.83 |
| Only antibiotics can make me feel better | 1.37 | 0.63 | 1.15 | 0.39 | -0.22 | 0.61 |
| It is best to take an antibiotic to be on the safe side | 1.36 | 0.64 | 1.17 | 0.45 | -0.19 | 0.61 |
| I can stop the antibiotics once I feel better a | 2.46 | 0.83 | 2.78 | 0.52 | 0.32 | 0.74 |
| Mean change per item–necessity subscale | -0.37 | 0.74 | ||||
| Overall change–total necessity subscale | -2.29 | 4.20 | ||||
| Concerns subscale (higher scores, higher concerns about antibiotics) | ||||||
| I am concerned about antibiotic resistance | 2.64 | 0.66 | 2.84 | 0.51 | 0.2 | 0.57 |
| Antibiotics are harmless a | 2.56 | 0.63 | 2.85 | 0.44 | 0.29 | 0.62 |
| Taking a short course of antibiotics will not cause side effects a | 2.41 | 0.67 | 2.85 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.74 |
| Overall mean change–concerns subscale | 0.31 | 0.65 | ||||
| Overall change–total concerns subscale | 0.93 | 1.68 | ||||
| Perceptions subscale (higher scores, more accurate perceptions about antibiotics and resistance) | ||||||
| There is not much I can do to help reduce antibiotic resistance | 2.55 | 0.63 | 2.78 | 0.52 | 0.23 | 0.69 |
| Using lower doses of antibiotics can help reduce risk of antibiotic resistance | 2.11 | 0.74 | 2.64 | 0.64 | 0.53 | 0.74 |
| Taking an antibiotic I don’t need will increase the risk of antibiotic resistance a | 2.74 | 0.54 | 2.69 | 0.66 | -0.05 | 0.78 |
| Antibiotic resistance is when people become resistant to the bacteria | 2.71 | 0.57 | 2.83 | 0.49 | 0.12 | 0.54 |
| Antibiotic resistance is when bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic a | 2.84 | 0.42 | 2.92 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.46 |
| New antibiotics will be developed in the future | 1.44 | 0.52 | 1.61 | 0.65 | 0.17 | 0.79 |
| Overall mean change–knowledge subscale | 0.18 | 0.67 | ||||
| Overall change–total knowledge subscale | 1.08 | 2.74 |
a
reverse-scored items.