Table 2.

Association between reported head injury (HI) and later‐life cognitive function at age 69–71.

	Model 1 (gender and age)			Model 2 (gender, age, childhood cognition, education, childhood SEP)
	Standardized mean difference†	p	95% CI	Standardized mean difference†	p	95% CI
LOC HI occurring >15 years prior
Digit‐symbol substitution test	−0.23	0.04	[−0.48, −0.01]	−0.28	0.02	[−0.52, −0.05]
Logical memory	0.01	0.93	[−0.23, 0.25]	−0.02	0.85	[−0.25, 0.21]
FNAME	−0.05	0.71	[−0.29, 0.20]	−0.09	0.41	[−0.32, 0.13]
MMSE	−0.17	0.18	[−0.42, 0.08]	−0.22	0.07	[−0.45, 0.02]
PACC	−0.13	0.28	[−0.38, 0.11]	−0.20	0.07	[−0.42, 0.01]
LOC HI occurring at anytime up to age 71
Digit‐symbol Substitution test	−0.03	0.78	[−0.27, 0.20]	−0.12	0.27	[−0.34, 0.10]
Logical memory	0.09	0.43	[−0.14, 0.32]	0.03	0.77	[−0.18, 0.25]
FNAME	0.04	0.73	[−0.19, 0.27]	−0.04	0.71	[−0.25, 0.17]
MMSE	−0.06	0.63	[−0.29, 0.17]	−0.13	0.26	[−0.35, 0.10]
PACC	0.02	0.84	[−0.20, 0.25]	−0.08	0.44	[−0.28, 0.12]

HI, head injury; FNAME, Face‐Name test; SEP, socioeconomic position; MMSE, mini mental state examination; PACC, Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite;

Model 1 adjusts for gender and age; Model 2 adjusts for gender, age, childhood cognition, education and childhood SEP. All outcome measures are standardized so estimates reflect differences in mean of the standardized cognitive outcome between HI groups, whereby those without evidence of head injury with loss of consciousness are the reference group. Bold reflects p < 0.05.

^†estimates reflect differences in mean of the standardized cognitive outcome between HI groups.