The response of Nef mRNA transcripts and NfH protein to antisense oligonucleotide treatment in the severe SMA mice. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of Nefh, Nefm and Nefl transcripts, relative to Gaphd, were performed in spinal cord samples collected from SMA‐I, SMA‐I treated with therapeutic antisense PMO25 (SMA‐I + PMO25) and het control at postnatal day 5 (A) and day 10 (B). ELISA analysis of serum levels of NfHSMI34 (C) and NfHSMI35 (D) in SMA‐I, SMA‐I + PMO25 and het control mice at day 5, 10 and 20. The dynamic changes of mouse serum NfH levels, (E) NfHSMI34 and (F) NfHSMI35, were detected in different experimental groups during early development at postnatal day 5, 10 and 20. Data were analysed by one‐way ANOVA followed by post t test, or unpaired t test (n = 4–6/group). Data were presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.