TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics, neuropsychological scores, and symptoms in the healthy control and cmTBI groups

	HC (n = 42)		cmTBI (n = 59)		Significance
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age	32.00	8.53	29.86	6.31	n.s.
a Years of education	13.71	2.00	12.98	1.41	b n.s.
D‐KEFS
Number‐letter sequencing	11.05	2.00	10.17	2.31	p = .044
Letter fluency	11.14	3.66	10.09	2.82	n.s.
Category fluency	11.90	3.45	11.39	2.86	n.s.
Category switching	11.55	2.43	11.01	2.93	n.s.
WAIS
Digit symbol coding	10.50	2.70	9.77	2.94	n.s.
Processing speed index	105.43	16.29	102.95	14.53	n.s.

Symptoms	HC (%)	cmTBI (%)	Symptoms	HC (%)	cmTBI (%)
Headaches	12.0	60.0	Lack of spontaneity	0.0	1.8
Dizziness	9.5	41.8	Affective lability	2.4	29.1
Fatigue	14.3	45.5	Depression	12.0	25.5
Memory difficulty	14.3	78.2	Trouble concentrating	19.1	27.3
Irritability	19.1	67.3	Bothered by noise	4.8	23.6
Anxiety	19.1	50.9	Bothered by light	14.3	14.6
Trouble with sleep	16.7	69.1	Coordination/balance problems	11.9	21.8
Hearing difficulties	16.7	50.9	Motor difficulty	0.0	0.0
Blurred vision, other visual difficulties	2.4	16.4	Difficulty with speech	2.4	7.3
Personality changes	2.4	27.3	Numbness/tingling	11.9	10.9
Apathy	0.0	18.2

Note: D‐KEFS refers to the Delis‐Kaplan Executive Function System. WAIS refers to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Third Edition. Neuropsychological measures are scaled scores (mean = 10, SD = 3), except for The WAIS Processing Speed Index, which is a standard score.

^aYears of education: High school = 12; AA = 14; bachelor's = 16; master's = 18; JD = 19; MD, DO, or ND = 20; PhD = 21; MD–PhD = 25.

^bMann–Whitney U test.