Table 6 -. What Does Land inequality Reflect?
Table 6 reports OLS estimates associating (contemporary and historical) measures of dependence on pastoralism and agriculture with land inequality, adherence to Islam and other historical and geographic variables. The dependent variable in columns 1 to 3 is the log ratio of pastoral to agricultural lands from Ramankutty et al., 2008. The log ratio of historical subsistence of pastoral to agricultural share, from Murdock’s Ethnographic Atlas is the dependent variable in columns 4 to 7 and the (log +1) share of subsistence from trade from the SCCS dataset in column 8. Observations are at the ethnic group level in columns 1 to 7 and at the level of historical societies in column 8. The sample used is the Old-World part of the Ethnologue (columns 1 to 3), its intersection with the Murdock’s Ethnographic Atlas (columns 4 to 7) and all groups in the Standard Cross Cultural Sample in column 8.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Ethnologue | Ethnologue & Murdock’s Ethnographic Atlas | SCCS | |||||
| DEPENDENT VARIABLE | Log Ratio of Land Allocation of Pasture Relative to Agriculture in 2000 | Log Ratio of Historical Subsistence Share of Pastoralism Relative to Agriculture | Log 1+ Share of Subsistence from Trade | |||||
| Ln Gini Index of Land Quality | 0.2328*** (0.0764) | 0.2203*** (0.0789) | 0.1854*** (0.0379) | 0.1004** (0.0445) | ||||
| Ln Average Land Quality | −0.3790*** (0.1273) | −0.3068** (0.1405) | −0.1569*** (0.0502) | −0.1025** (0.0433) | ||||
| Absolute Latitude | 0.0728** (0.0310) | 0.0386*** (0.0123) | ||||||
| Ln Land Area | −0.0931*** (0.0305) | 0.0122 (0.0215) | ||||||
| Ln Ruggedness | 0.1630** (0.0715) | 0.0376 (0.0385) | ||||||
| Presence of Desert Indicator | 0.4325 (0.3031) | 0.3564** (0.1537) | ||||||
| Irrigation Potential Indicator | 0.1404 (0.1576) | 0.1917** (0.0749) | ||||||
| Share of Muslims in 2005 | 0.7402*** (0.1807) | 0.5232*** (0.1510) | ||||||
| Log Ratio of Historical Subsistence Share of Pastoralism Relative to Agriculture | 0.1115*** (0.028) | 0.2938*** (0.0797) | ||||||
| Country FE | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | NO |
| Observations | 2845 | 2845 | 2845 | 1131 | 1210 | 1210 | 1210 | 186 |
| R-squared | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.05 |
The Supplementary Appendix gives detailed definitions, data sources and summary statistics for all variables. Columns 1 to 7 include a set of country fixed effects with errors clustered at the country level in parentheses, while those of column 8 are robust to heteroscedasticity. ***, **, and * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.