Fig 3. GEVs induced inflammatory cytokines transcription and secretion in murine peritoneal macrophages.

(A) Cells were incubated with 12.5 μg/mL or 25 μg/mL of GEVs for 12 h, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, including Il6, Il10, Il12, Ifng, Tnf, Il18, Il1β, Ccl20 and Cxcl2 in cells was measured using qPCR assays. (B) Cells were were incubated with 12.5 μg/mL or 25 μg/mL of GEVs for 18 h and 24 h, supernatants were collected for TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β determination using ELISA assays. G.duodenalis (1.5 × 10⁶ parasites/mL) treated groups were used as positive control. Equal volume PBS-treated group was used as negative control. All experiments were performed three times with three technical replicates and data are mean±SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 or ***p <0.001 vs. control.