Table 3. The protective effect of N. sativa and its components on neurotoxicity andParkinson's disease .

Plants /component	Dose	Model of study	Effects	Ref.
Nigella sativa	200 and 400 mg/kg	Rat	Attenuation of catalepsy, reduction of the amount of lipid peroxidation and nitrite level, augmentation of glutathione content	35
	100 and 200 mg/kg	Mice	Improvement of perphenazine-induced muscle rigidity score	43
	500 mg/kg	Human	Enhancement of attention, memory and cognition	44
	500 mg/kg	Human	Decrease of anxiety, stabilization of mood and modulation of cognition	45
TQ	5 and 10 mg/kg	Rat	Reduction of MDA level and prevention of the loss of substantia nigra pars compact neurons	46
	0.1 and 1 μM	THir neurons	Protection of dopaminergic cultures against MPP+ and rotenone-induced cell death.	47
Carvacrol	40 mg/kg	mice	down-regulation of caspase -3	51
	12.5 or 25 mg/kg	Rat	Prevention of increase in catalepsy behavior and number of vacuous chewing movement and mitigation of HT in RES-triggered rat model of PD in the substantia nigra pars compact and dorsal striatum	52
	10 mg/kg/d	Rat	Attenuation of neurotoxicity, decrement of MDA and nitrit and enhancment of catalase activity in 6- OHDA-caused hemi-Parkinson rat model	53
	25, 50 and 100 mg/kg	Rat	Amelioration of memory deficits 6-OHDA- lesioned rat model of PD	54