Table 3.

Associations of prior average annual changes over 6 years in fasting glucose with cortisol features stratified by diabetes status (Normal: N = 787, Impaired fasting glucose: N = 259 and Diabetes: N = 229).

Predictor		Outcome
Avg. annual Δglucose		Wake-up cortisol coefficient (95 %CI)	CAR coefficient (95 %CI)	Total AUC coefficient (95 %CI)	Overall decline slope coefficient (95 %CI)	Bedtime cortisol coefficient (95 %CI)
Model 0	Normal	0.00003 (−0.023, 0.023)	−0.009 (−0.03, 0.011)	−0.013 (−0.03, 0.005)	0.00003 (−0.002, 0.002)	−0.028 (−0.052, −0.004)
	IFG	−0.004 (−0.038, 0.037)	0.006 (−0.028, 0.04)	−0.008 (−0.036, 0.021)	0.0001 (−0.003, 0.003)	−0.014 (−0.054, 0.025)
	Diabetes	−0.007 (−0.016, 0.002)	0.006 (−0.002, 0.014)	0.002 (−0.004, 0.009)	0.0002 (−0.0004, 0.0009)	0.0007 (−0.008, 0.01)
	P-value for interaction	0.8170	0.3918	0.2367	0.9771	0.0772
Model 1	Normal	0.002 (−0.02, 0.025)	−0.008 (−0.029, 0.012)	−0.012 (−0.03, 0.006)	−0.00005(−0.002, 0.002)	−0.027 (−0.052, −0.003)
	IFG	−0.002(−0.04, 0.035)	0.006 (−0.028, 0.04)	−0.01 (−0.039, 0.019)	0.00002 (−0.003, 0.003)	−0.017 (−0.056, 0.023)
	Diabetes	−0.006(−0.014, 0.003)	0.006 (−0.001, 0.014)	0.003 (−0.004, 0.01)	0.0002 (−0.0005, 0.0008)	0.0008 (−0.008, 0.01)
	P-value for interaction	0.7999	0.4207	0.2212	0.9650	0.0766

Model 0: adjust for MESA Stress Exam 1 or 2 indicator, age, sex, race/ethnicity.

Model 1: adjust for MESA Stress Exam 1 or 2 indicator, age, sex, race/ethnicity, physical activity, smoking, CES-D, BMI.

β-coefficient interpretation: An increase of one-unit in the Avg.annual Δglucose would result in (e^β − 1)*100 percentage change in cortisol features.

Note: Bold values signifies p < 0.05.