Table 4.
Mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression analysis of the determinants of contraceptive method utilization among young women in Ethiopia, June-July, 2018.
| Variables | Contraceptive use | Crude OR (95% CI) | Model 1 (level 2 variables) AOR (95% CI) |
Model 2 (level 1 variables) AOR (95% CI) |
Model 3 (full model) AOR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (538) n (%) |
No (444) n (%) |
|||||
| Level 2: higher (contextual) level variables | ||||||
| Place of residence | ||||||
| Rural | 237 (46.0) | 166 (54.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Urban | 301 (64.5) | 166 (35.5) | 2.13 (1.64, 2.78) | 0.86 (0.53, 1.39) | 0.90 (0.53, 1.52) | |
| Wealth quintiles | ||||||
| Lowest quintile | 48 (38.7) | 76 (61.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Lower quintile | 45 (38.5) | 72 (61.5) | 0.99 (0.59, 1.66) | 1.40 (0.78, 2.53) | 1.41 (0.75, 2.68) | |
| Middle quintile | 66 (48.9) | 69 (51.1) | 1.51 (0.92, 2.48) | 1.69 (0.95, 2.98) | 1.59 (0.86, 2.95) | |
| Higher quintile | 134 (57.8) | 98 (42.2) | 2.17 (1.39, 3.38) | 2.50 (1.42, 4.37) | 2.00 (1.08, 3.72) | |
| Highest quintile | 245 (65.5) | 129 (34.5) | 3.01 (1.98, 4.58) | 3.82 (1.97, 7.41) | 2.83 (1.35, 5.95) | |
| Religion | ||||||
| Orthodox Christian | 310 (63.7) | 177 (36.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Muslim | 118 (36.0) | 210 (64.0) | 0.32 (0.24, 0.43) | 0.42 (0.29, 0.62) | 0.50 (0.33, 0.76) | |
| Protestant | 104 (67.1) | 51 (32.9) | 1.16 (0.79, 1.71) | 1.05 (0.64, 1.71) | 1.22 (0.72, 2.07) | |
| Others∗ | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 0.57 (0.18, 1.80) | 0.60 (0.17, 2.08) | 0.67 (0.17, 2.67) | |
| Level 1: lower (individual) level variables | ||||||
| Age group (in years) | ||||||
| 15-19 | 127 (49.2) | 131 (50.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 20-24 | 411 (56.8) | 313 (43.2) | 1.35 (1.02, 1.80) | 1.65 (1.14, 2.39) | 1.66 (1.14, 2.43) | |
| Educational status | ||||||
| No formal education | 62 (33.0) | 126 (67.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Primary (grade 1-8) | 249 (55.1) | 203 (44.9) | 2.49 (1.75, 3.56) | 1.49 (0.95, 2.34) | 1.19 (0.74, 1.92) | |
| Secondary (grade 9-12) | 147 (67.4) | 71 (32.6) | 4.21 (2.78, 6.38) | 1.76 (1.01, 3.08) | 1.16 (0.63, 2.14) | |
| Technic/college (12+) | 80 (64.5) | 4 4(35.5) | 3.40 (2.29, 5.96) | 1.08 (0.57, 2.05) | 1.67 (0.68, 2.34) | |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 83 (65.9) | 43 (34.1) | 1.78 (1.20, 2.64) | 2.37 (1.37, 3.80) | 1.61 (1.01, 2.81) | |
| Married or in union | 420 (52.0) | 387 (48.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Divorced | 35 (71.4) | 14 (28.6) | 2.31 (1.22, 4.35) | 3.05 (1.25, 7.48) | 3.20 (1.30, 7.09) | |
| Family size | ||||||
| 1-2 | 154 (63.1) | 90 (36.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 3-4 | 271 (54.7) | 224 (45.3) | 0.71 (0.52, 0.97) | 0.93 (0.57, 1.54) | 1.05 (0.63, 1.76) | |
| ≥5 | 113 (46.5) | 130 (53.5) | 0.51 (0.35, 0.73) | 0.55 (0.33, 0.91) | 0.70 (0.42, 1.18) | |
| Parity | ||||||
| Nulipara (no birth) | 213 (59.3) | 146 (40.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 1-2 births | 306 (54.6) | 254 (45.4) | 0.83 (0.63, 0.99) | 0.55 (0.33, 0.91) | 0.51 (0.30, 0.86) | |
| ≥3 births | 19 (30.2) | 44 (69.8) | 0.30 (0.17, 0.53) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.85) | 0.38 (0.17, 0.87) | |
| Intended next birth | ||||||
| Soon | 24 (17.6) | 112 (82.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| After 2 years | 458 (62.2) | 278 (37.8) | 7.69 (4.83, 12.24) | 10.49 (6.02, 18.29) | 11.38 (6.46, 20.04) | |
| Not decided | 56 (50.9) | 54 (49.1) | 4.84 (2.72, 8.63) | 8.26 (4.12, 16.55) | 8.81 (4.32, 17.96) | |
| Knowledge on contraceptive methods | ||||||
| Poor knowledge | 106 (35.7) | 191 (64.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Good knowledge | 432 (63.1) | 253 (36.9) | 3.08 (2.32, 4.09) | 2.49 (1.73, 3.60) | 2.15 (1.47, 3.16) | |
∗Catholic, Jova, and Traditional.