Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and CT quantitative measurements among patients according to whether to develop composite endpoint in the primary cohort
| Variables | Yes (n = 37) | No (n = 387) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58 (51–67) | 45 (35–56) | < 0.001 |
| Male gender | 20 (54.1%) | 190 (49.1%) | 0.564 |
| Smoking history | 7 (18.9%) | 33 (8.5%) | 0.068 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Any | 25 (67.6%) | 82 (21.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 11 (29.7%) | 48 (12.4%) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes | 8 (21.6%) | 27 (7.0%) | 0.006 |
| Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases | 7 (18.9%) | 12 (3.1%) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 7 (18.9%) | 6 (1.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms and signs | |||
| Fever | 28 (75.7%) | 220 (56.8%) | 0.026 |
| Cough | 24 (64.9%) | 199 (51.4%) | 0.118 |
| Fatigue or myalgia | 8 (21.6%) | 84 (21.7%) | 0.991 |
| Dyspnea | 4 (10.8%) | 17 (4.4%) | 0.100 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.3 (36.8–38.0) | 36.9 (36.5–37.3) | 0.001 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 90 (80–105) | 86 (78–96) | 0.092 |
| Respiratory rate (/min) | 21 (20–22) | 20 (19–20) | 0.053 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 126.5 (119.3–136.0) | 131.0 (120.0–143.0) | 0.300 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 148.0 (119.5–208.0) | 174.0 (139.0–228.0) | 0.067 |
| White blood cell count (×109/L) | 4.5 (3.6–6.0) | 4.6 (3.6–5.7) | 0.812 |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) | 3.0 (2.4–4.5) | 2.9 (2.1–3.7) | 0.090 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | < 0.001 |
| Monocyte count (×109/L) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.618 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 10.5 (7.1–14.6) | 11.9 (8.8–17.3) | 0.031 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23.0 (16.6–31.2) | 19.7 (14.5–28.4) | 0.124 |
| AST (U/L) | 33.2 (25.8–44.6) | 23.0 (18.3–28.3) | < 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.8 (34.2–39.8) | 39.3 (36.5–42.6) | 0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 4.7 (3.8–5.8) | 3.9 (3.1–4.8) | 0.002 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 66.1 (53.8–86.0) | 56.4 (44.8–70.0) | 0.002 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.2 (5.8–9.2) | 5.7 (3.6–4.3) | < 0.001 |
| K+ (mmol/L) | 3.7 (3.5–4.0) | 4.0 (3.6–4.3) | 0.051 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 135.3 (133.0–137.6) | 137.5 (135.5–139.9) | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.22 (0.99–1.33) | 1.10 (0.90–1.19) | 0.043 |
| D-dimer ≥ 0.5 mg/L | 16 (43.2%) | 47 (12.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin ≥ 0.05 ng/mL | 21 (56.8%) | 124 (32.0%) | 0.002 |
| Hs-cTnI ≥ 28 pg/mL | 5 (13.5%) | 11 (2.8%) | 0.008 |
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 94.0 (40.0–213.5) | 72.0 (49.1–109.0) | 0.139 |
| LDH (U/L) | 265.0 (184.6–342.8) | 174.0 (141.3–214.1) | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 40.9 (22.9–61.0) | 10.4 (2.4–24.5) | < 0.001 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 71.1 (54.6–106.7) | 90.9 (76.0–115.8) | 0.009 |
| Radiological findings | |||
| Number of segments involved | 16 (12–18) | 9 (5–13) | < 0.001 |
| CT severity score | 12 (7–17) | 6 (3–9) | < 0.001 |
| CT quantitative measurements | |||
| Lesion% | 9.5 (3.5–26.6) | 3.1 (0.6–7.5) | < 0.001 |
| GGO% | 8.2 (3.3–18.9) | 2.8 (0.6–6.7) | < 0.001 |
| CON% | 1.3 (0.2–2.9) | 0.3 (0.0–0.7) | < 0.001 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CON, consolidation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CT, computed tomography; GGO, ground-glass opacification; Hs-cTnI, hypersensitive cardiac troponin I; INR, international normalized ratio; K+, potassium; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; Na+, sodium; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen