Table 3.

Factors associated with the risk of stroke in SNV patients.

	Crude hazard ratio			Adjusted hazard ratio
	Hazard ratio	95% CI	p-value	Hazard ratio	95% CI	p-value
Age at diagnosis	1.06	(1.05-1.07)	<0.001	1.05	(1.03-1.06)	<0.001
Sex
Male	1.08	(0.79-1.47)	0.646	0.99	(0.73-1.37)	0.977
Female	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Diagnosis
MPA	3.69	(2.18-6.25)	<0.001	1.88	(1.08-3.26)	0.025
GPA	1.88	(1.04-3.41)	0.036	1.20	(0.65-2.19)	0.559
EGPA	1.89	(1.05-3.40)	0.035	1.25	(0.69-2.27)	0.460
PAN	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Geographic area
Seoul	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Outside Seoul	1.26	(0.92-1.73)	0.149	1.25	(0.90-1.72)	0.179
Comorbidities
Hypertension
No	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Yes	2.42	(1.76-3.34)	<0.001	1.30	(0.91-1.87)	0.151
Diabetes mellitus
No	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Yes	2.02	(1.48-2.76)	<0.001	1.26	(0.91-1.77)	0.170
Atrial fibrillation/flutter
No	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Yes	1.59	(0.71-3.60)	0.263	0.95	(0.43-2.11)	0.898
Dyslipidemia
No	1.00 (ref)			1.00 (ref)
Yes	1.83	(1.33-2.51)	<0.001	1.29	(0.91-1.83)	0.149
Medication usage†
Immunosuppressive agents
Glucocorticoid usage ≥ 1  year	0.82	(0.47-1.41)	0.467	1.15	(0.65-2.02)	0.628
Cyclophosphamide	0.34	(0.18-0.63)	<0.001	0.26	(0.14-0.49)	<0.001
Rituximab	0.21	(0.01-3.35)	0.266	0.12	(0.01-1.97)	0.136
Azathioprine/mizoribine	0.36	(0.19-0.69)	0.002	0.34	(0.18-0.65)	0.001
Methotrexate	0.40	(0.20-0.82)	0.012	0.49	(0.24-0.99)	0.046
Antiplatelet agents
Aspirin	1.33	(0.82-2.14)	0.249	1.20	(0.73-1.98)	0.480
Clopidogrel	1.56	(0.73-3.34)	0.250	1.12	(0.52-2.42)	0.767
Statins	0.77	(0.50-1.19)	0.243	0.50	(0.32-0.80)	0.004

^†Medication usage was selected as time-dependent covariates.

SNV, systemic necrotizing vasculitis; CI, confidence interval; MPA, microscopic polyangiitis; GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; EGPA, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis; PAN, polyarteritis nodosa.