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. 2021 Feb 1;55(2):299–309. doi: 10.1007/s43465-021-00351-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a–c Shows the MUA of left shoulder with a ‘short-lever arm’ while arm being taken in flexion, abduction and external rotation in 90^° abduction. Of-note: during abduction beyond 90^°, head of the humerus is supported with a fist of assistant in axilla to prevent inferior subluxation of head while tearing of inferior capsule. During external rotation movement in 90^° abduction, the scapula is stabilised by the assistant’s hand over the scapula