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. 2021 Apr 14;11:8127. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87485-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Changes in mean gain over time in both the pre and post-standing periods calculated using twenty seconds of data every 20 s over the 4-min trial. (A) Mean gain for the pre-standing period aggregated across all groups (because each condition was similar at this point). Mean gain decreased following a decaying exponential with a time constant of 19 s (n = 45). Arrow indicates the exponential’s time constant. (B) Mean gains for the post-standing periods. There were no apparent decreases in mean gain over time in the post-standing period of any of the conditions. Segmented horizontal line serves as a reference indicating the amplitude of the first time point. Error bars are 95% confidence intervals for the mean.