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. 2021 Apr 14;11:8110. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87644-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) shows a true positive ADC case (ADC-046) from the indeterminate TBLB test set. Heatmap images (a) and (c) show true positive predictions of ADC cells, and they correspond respectively to (b) and (d). The high magnification (e) and (f) subimages show spindle shaped and poorly differentiated morphology. Pathologists found it challenging to distinguish between ADC and SCC based on H&E histology alone. (B) shows a case (ADC-009) that was predicted as indeterminate, with the model showing strong predictions for both ADC and SCC. The (g) and (j) areas are almost overlapped, and based on the histology it is poorly differentiated and is impossible to decide between ADC and SCC. (k) and (l), and (h) and (i) have similar morphologies to poorly differentiated SCC and ADC, respectively, and the model strongly predicted them as such, respectively. In the heatmap colour spectrum, red indicates high probability, blue indicates low.