Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Apr 1;9:587459. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.587459

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2021 Gjoneska, Jones, Vella, Bonanno, Flora, Fontalba-Navas, Hall, Ignjatova, Kirtava, Moreno Sanjuán, Vaz-Rebelo and Sales.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

The illustration lists a selection of 12 relevant publications, that directly or indirectly consider the ethical aspects of citizens involvement in research. Specifically, the list includes papers that discuss citizen involvement at preparatory stages of the research along a chronological axis (from planning, design, and submission, to approval of proposals). The involvement of citizens in executive stages of the research (conducting and implementing a project, or dissemination of results) is not addressed in the list. As evident, none of the selected studies have considered the early involvement of citizens in new and emerging areas of science (like PUI).